Embryology Lecture 1/27 from teriyaki sauce Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Embryology Lecture 1/27 from teriyaki sauce Deck (29)
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1
Q

3 primary embryonic brain sections

A

Forebrain- Prosencephalon
Midbrain- Mesencephalon
Hindbrain- Rhombencephalon

2
Q

Neural Tube differentiates into the (broad answer)

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

3
Q

Neural Crest differentiates into the

A

Peripheral Nervous system and many non-neural derivatives

4
Q

Neural Canal differentiates into the

A

Ventricular System which further differentiates into the ventricles of the brain and the Central Canal of Spinal Cord

5
Q

Sulcus limitans

A

divides the Alar and Basal plates in the neural tube

6
Q

3 differentiating cell zones in neural tube (during week 4)

A

Ventricular Zone
Intermediate Zone
Marginal Zone

7
Q

Ventricular Zone

A

against the internal limiting membrane
has dividing neuroepithelial cells
turns into: Neurons & Glial Cells, Ependyma

8
Q

Intermediate Zone

A

is between ventricular and intermediate zones
has neuroblasts
turns into: Gray Matter

9
Q

Marginal Zone

A

against the external limiting membrane

turns into: white matter

10
Q

cells in the aral plate turn into

A

Secondary sensory neurons
Do not leave the CNS
synapse in gray matter or ascended in white matter as tract
make dorsal horn

11
Q

cells in the basal plate turn into

A

motor neurons
cell bodies stay in neural tube and axons grow out through the ventral root and exit the neural tube
make ventral and lateral horn

12
Q

The intermediate layer of the neural tube turns into these two plates

A

The Aral and Basal Plates

13
Q

Dorsal Root ganglia have sensory neurons that are derived from the

A

neural crest

14
Q

sensory neurons are pseudounipolar or unipolar but start out as

A

bipolar cells

15
Q

Process of Myelination (CNS vs PNS)

When does it start and end

A

CNS- done by oligodendrocyte
PNS- Schwann Cells
starts at 4th month
goes through 1st year after birth

16
Q

Babinski Sign

A

Corticospinal pathway not fully myelinated (slows signal) so primitive reflex is not blocked by cerebral cortex.

Causes fanning of toes instead of flexion.

17
Q

Forebrain (Prosencephalon) (primary structure) differentiates into

A

Telencephalon (Secondary Structure)—>Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Olfactory Bulbs (Terminal Structures)

Diencephalon (Secondary Structure)—> Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus, Subthalamus (Terminal Structures)

18
Q

Midbrain (Mesencephalon) (primary structure) differentiates into

A

Mesencephalon (Secondary Structure)—->Tectum, Tegmentum, Cerebral Peduncules (Terminal Structures)

19
Q

Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) (primary structure) differentiates into

A

Metencephalon (Secondary Structure)—->Pons, Cerebellum (Terminal Structures)

Myelencephalon (Secondary Structure)—>Medulla (Terminal Structures)

20
Q

Caudal Neural Tube (Primary Structure) differentiates into the

A

Spinal Cord (Terminal Structures)

21
Q

Craniorachischisis

A

Failure of a large part of the neural tube to close. Neural tissue is exposed to amniotic fluid. This is bad. You will die.

22
Q

Anencephaly and Meroanencephaly

A

Failure of the Rostral Neuropore to close

23
Q

Spina Bifida

A

Posterior Neural Tube defect
Failure of the Caudal Neuropore to close
Problem of Induction

24
Q

Occipital Encephalocele

A

Anterior Neural tube defect

Brain and meninges protrude through occipital bone

25
Q

Syringomyelia

A

Not a neural tube defect
Tubular cavitation in the spinal cord
lose sense of pain and temperature in shoulders and upper arms

26
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

Not a neural tube defect

The forebrain does not divide into two hemispheres

27
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Not a neural tube defect
Dilation of the ventricles due to:
overproduction of CSF, obstruction of flow, or problem with reabsorption of CSF

28
Q

Dandy-Walker Malformation

A

Partial or Complete absence of cerebellar vermis

29
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the colon
no sympathetic neurons so no peristalsis
ballooning of colon with fecal retention