Embryology/Neonatal Stuff - w/ Sev and Musk Flashcards Preview

CRRAB 2 Final Study > Embryology/Neonatal Stuff - w/ Sev and Musk > Flashcards

Flashcards in Embryology/Neonatal Stuff - w/ Sev and Musk Deck (18)
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1
Q

Epithelium and glands of

lanyggotracheal area develop from:

A

endoderm

2
Q

Connective tissue, cartilage, and smooth muscle of laryngotracheal area develop from:

A

splanchnic mesoderm
EXCEPT
laryngeal cartilage from: neural crest mesenchyme

3
Q

What develops from myoblasts of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A

laryngeal skeletal muscle

4
Q

What innervates the laryngeal skeletal muscles?

A

vagus nerve

superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves

5
Q

Remind me again what laryngeal cartilage is derived from?

A

Neural crest ectoderm

6
Q

Name two negative consequences of a tracheoesophageal fistula:

A

1) Food or gastric contents aspirate into lungs and cause pneumonia or pneumonitis
2) Polyhydramnios occurs because amniotic fluid cannot pass into the GI tract for absorption and placental transfer

7
Q

What developing structure separates the trachea from the esophagus.
HINT - very straightforward

A

Tracheoesophageal septum

8
Q

What is an azygous lobe?

A

Part of superior Right lung lobe grows medial to azygous vein, rather than completely lateral to it.

Forms a little mini-me lobe.

9
Q

Most common cause of lung hypoplasia?

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

10
Q

How does bilateral renal agenesis affect the lungs?

A

Renal agenesis keeps urine from being produced. This creates oligohydramnios. Without enough amniotic fluid the lungs will not begin to expand and they will underdevelop

Also see Potter’s syndrome

11
Q

There are 4 stages of lung maturation in the developing fetus.
What is the name of the first stage from 6-16 weeks?
Why can’t infants born at this time survive?

A

Pseudoglandular stage.

Bronchi/bronchioles have developed, but no alveoli are present!

12
Q

There are 4 stages of lung maturation in the developing fetus.
What is the name of the 2nd stage from 16-26 weeks?
Can infants breathe if born at this stage?

A

Canicular Stage.

Bronchioles and alveolar ducts have developed and they have been vascularized.
Breathing is now possible

13
Q

There are 4 stages of lung maturation in the developing fetus.
What is the 3rd stage from 26 weeks to birth?
What are the highlights?

A

Terminal Sac Stage.

Type1/2 alveolar pneumocytes are produced. Surfactant is produced, which lowers alveolar surface tension

14
Q

There are 4 stages of lung maturation in the developing fetus.
The last stage is 32weeks to 8years old. What is developing then?

A

Alveolar stage.

Alveoli mature and increase in number

15
Q

What can you give to a possible premie to help develop their lungs during pregnancy?

A

glucocorticoids

16
Q

What is the embryology of an esophageal atresia?

A

Incomplete division of cranial part of the foregut!

17
Q

If a child has an esophageal atresia, but also has air in the bowel. What does this suggest?

A

Bowel air must be swallowed. Clue that there is a distal fistula

18
Q

Infant is born emergency C-section premature, cyanotic, severe retraction, with CXR showing “ground glass” in lung fields.
What is the disorder and what is the underlying pathology?
Tx?

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

Immature type2 pneumocytes have not produced enough surfactant yet

Tx: artificial surfactant