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Neuroscience Exam 1 > Embryology of Brain > Flashcards

Flashcards in Embryology of Brain Deck (37)
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1
Q

What is a blastocyst?

A

group of cells with cyst in the middle

2
Q

Bilaminar Disk

A

Outer and Inner cell mass, undifferentiated cells or embryonic stem cells

3
Q

What is an embryonic stem cell?

A

cells that can become any tissue

4
Q

What is main difference in adult stem cell?

A

organ specific differentiation

ex.) liver cell likely to become a liver cell

5
Q

Ectodermal Stem cells

A

makes skin or nervous system cells, depending on hormones

6
Q

Epithelial stem cells

A

skin cells

7
Q

Neural stem cells

A

neuroblasts become neurons

spongioblasts become glia

8
Q

When is the trilaminar disk created?

A

two weeks post fertilization

9
Q

what is the ectoderm?

A

skin, brain cells and some glands

10
Q

What is endoderm?

A

becomes inner tubes of gut and vessels

11
Q

What is mesoderm?

A

connective tissue development and form somites

12
Q

What is the notochord?

A

architect of embryological development

releasing hormones in embryo at right time (introduction of differentiation)

13
Q

What is the neural plate?

A

thickening of neural ectoderm

14
Q

What does the neural tube become?

A

the CNS

15
Q

What does neural crest become?

A

the PNS (ganglia and nerves), dragged into final location by somites

16
Q

When does neuropores of the neural tube begin to close?

A

week 4, anterior before posterior

17
Q

What are the somites formed from?

A

mesoderm

18
Q

What is a somite?

A

special area in mesoderm which can become vertebrae, muscles, cartilage, tendon and skin

19
Q

What is the alar plate?

A

dorsal portion of neural tube in cross section, sensory portion

20
Q

What is the basal plate?

A

ventral portion of neural tube, motor portion

21
Q

What sulcus separates alar and basal plate?

A

sulcus limitans

22
Q

What are the 3 primary vesicles of embryo?

A

pro-, mes- and rhombencephalon

23
Q

What are the secondary vesicles of embryo?

A
  1. Pro- becomes Tel- and Diencephalon

2. rhom- becomes Met- and myelencephalon

24
Q

What is the cephalic flexure?

A

between prosencephalon and mesencephalon

responsible for change of axis

25
Q

What is pontine flexure?

A

between met and mylen- for cerebellum

happens last

26
Q

What is cervical flexure?

A

transition to spinal cord

27
Q

What does telencephelon become?

A

lateral ventricles 1-2 and cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

What does diencephalon become?

A

third ventricle at its center and thalamus, retina and hypothalamus

29
Q

What does mesencephalon become?

A

cerebral aqueduct and midbrain

30
Q

What does metencephalon become?

A

fourth ventricle and pons and cerebellum

31
Q

What does mylencephalon become?

A

fourth ventricle and central canal and medulla

32
Q

Time points for primary neural defects?

A

formation of neural tube- 4 weeks

formation of encephalon- 6 weeks

33
Q

Spina Bifida

A

failure of closing of posterior neuropore before sinking into mesoderm

34
Q

Anencephaly

A

failure of closing of anterior neuropore before sinking into mesoderm

35
Q

What are causes of spina bifida?

A

drugs, nutrition, toxins etc.

36
Q

What is the sonic hedgehog hormone?

A

binds with receptors and alters gene expression

promotes normal development of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

37
Q

What happens with abnormal SHH?

A

holoprosencephaly- single hemisphere

cerebellar tumors

basal cell carcinoma- skin cancer