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Flashcards in Endocrine Deck (10)
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1
Q

Benign pituitary adenomas summary

A

Def: tumor of on one of the type of cells in the pituitary gland

SS:
Hormone hypersecretion
headache

Eval:
MRI w/ contrast - gold
CT

Txt:
dopamine agonists
Surgery

2
Q

Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone summary

A

Def: Excessive release of GH due to GH-secreting pituitary adenoma

SS:
Kids - Gigantism
Adults acromegaly

Eval:Serum IGF-I (most sensitive)
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (specific)

Txt:Surgery
Somatostatin analogs
GH receptor antagonist

3
Q

Cushing’s syndrome summary

A

Def: Constellation of clinical features from excess glucocorticoids of any etiology

SS:
Moon facies
Obesity
Diabetes mellitus
Diastolic hypertension
Hirsutism
Striae
Buffalo hump
Central adiposity

Eval:
24 hour urinary free cortisol excretion
MRI
CT

4
Q

Adrenal Insufficiency summary

A
SS:
weakness/Fatigue
pigmentation of skin
Weight loss
Ab pain
Myalgias and arthralgias
Fever

Eval:
Short ACTH stimulation test
ECG

Txt:
IV hydrocortisoneoral hydrocortisone

5
Q

Diabetes insipidus summary

A

Def: deficiency of ADH

SS:
Polyuria
polydipsia
nocturia

Eval:
Water deprivation test

6
Q

Graves Disease

A

Def: most common hyperthyroid diagnosis

SS: 
diplopia
lacrimation
photphobia
heat intolerance
tachycardia
exopthalmos
lid lag
Tx:
Propylthiouracil
Methimazole
radioactive iodine
thyroidectomy
7
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

Def: most common adult cause of hypothyroidism;

SS: 
firm goiter
myexedema
puffy face
extra weight
thickened skin

Tx:
d/c or lower dose of offending medication
Levothyroxine 1.7 mcg/kg/day

8
Q

DM 1

A

Def: metabolic disorder with abnormally increased blood glucose concentration

SS:
polyuria
weight loss
dehydration
N/V
ab pain
blurred vision
diabetic ketoacidosis

Eval:
FPG >=126 mg/dl
Hbg A1C >=7

Txt:
Insulin .5 U/kg/day

9
Q

DM 2

A

Def: metabolic disorder with abnormally increased blood glucose concentration

SS:
asymptomatic
blurred vision
retinopathy
metabolic syndrome

Eval:
Test post prandial glucose and C-peptide

Txt:
Metformin 500 mg bid, 100 mg bid
glipizide 2.5 mg qd, 5 mg qd
Meglitinides
Thiazolidinediones
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
DPP-4 inhibitors
GLP-1 receptor agonists (Exenatide) 5 mcg sq bid
Amylin mimetics
Bile acid
Dopamine-2 agonists
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
Insulin .1 U/kg/day
10
Q

Obesity

A

SS: overweight >= 25 - 29.9
BMI >= 30
Morbidly obese >= 40

Eval:
BMI
Waist circumference
waist-hip ratio

Txt:
Lifestyle
Orlistat 120 mg tid w/ meal
Phentermine
Diethylpropoin
Phentermine/topiramate
Lorcaserin
Naltrexone/Bupropion
Liraglutide
Surgery