Endocrine Histology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Endocrine Histology Deck (32)
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1
Q

What are major endocrine glands? (5)

A

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas

2
Q

Common features of endocrine tissues (6)

A

Ductless, vascular, organization (blocks/plates/cords), epithelial, polyhedral, numerous organelles

3
Q

What is special about endothelium in endocrine tissue? Why is that way?

A

Fenestrated endothelium in endocrine tissue allows for easy diffusion of large molecules

4
Q

Patterns of endocrine cells (4)

A

Epithelial, mesenchymal, neural, individual cells

5
Q

What areas have epithelial growth pattern?

A

Thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal cortex, anterior pituitary

6
Q

Which epithelial endocrine tissue is not derived from ectoderm or endoderm?

A

Adrenal cortex is mesoderm derived

7
Q

Mesenchymal Pattern Endocrine cells:

A

Lydia cells and ovarian storm

Granulosa/luteal cells

8
Q

Neural Pattern Endocrine Cells (2): Location

A

Posterior pituitary

Adrenal medulla

9
Q

Individual Cell Pattern: (3)

A
GI tract (gastrin/somatostatin producing) 
Throughout body
Renal cortex (renin producing)
10
Q

Portions of Pituitary Gland

A

Anterior: ectoderm of oropharynx
Posterior: neuroectoderm of floor of 3rd ventricle

11
Q

Anterior Pituitary: Function and hormones secreted

A

Master gland: Regulates most endocrine glands

GH, prolactin, LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH

12
Q

Regulation of Ant Pituitary

A

Hypothalamic neurons

13
Q

Posterior pituitary secretions (2)

A

Oxytocin and ADH

14
Q

Pituitary Cell Types in Pars Distalis: Acidophils (2)

A

Appear more pink

Somatotropes: produce GH (50%)
Lactotropes: produce PRL (10-20%)

15
Q

Cell Types in Pars Distalis: Basophils (3)

A

Appear more purple

Corticotropes: produce ACTH (15-20%)
Gonadotropes: produce LH/FSH (10%)
Thyrotropes: produce TSH (5%)

16
Q

Cell Types in Pars DIstalis: Chromophobes

A

Will not have color appearing; no granules

Exhausted/dying cells?

17
Q

Pars Nevosa: What are pituicytes?

A

Unmyelinated nerve axons and supporting cells

Cell bodies lie in hypothalamus

18
Q

What hormones are produced in pars nervosa?

A

ADH, oxytocin

19
Q

What are herring bodies?

A

Terminal end of axons that store ADH/oxytocin

20
Q

What is unique about thyroid?

A

Extracellular storage of thyroglobulin accumulates in follicles– this is unlike other endocrine organs

21
Q

Thyroid: Function of follicular cells in thyroid?

A
Store thyroglobulin in follicles 
Secrete T3 (thyroxin), T4
22
Q

Thyroid: Function of parafollicular cells (C cells)

A

Produce calcitonin

Found between follicles

23
Q

Parathyroid glands: how many? where? function?

A

Usually 4
Located near thymus
Function: Regulate calcium metabolism

24
Q

Histology of Parathyroid gland: Cell types (3)

A

Chief cells: Secrete PTH
Oxphil cells: Large/acidophilic
Adipocytes: increasing fat with age

25
Q

Parts of Adrenal Gland (2)

A

Cortex (90%)

Medulla: neuron-like; secrete catecholamines

26
Q

Adrenal Cortex Zones and Function

A

From out-in:
Zona Glomerulosa: minealocorticoids (aldosterone)
Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Zona reticularis: gonadotropins (androgenic steroids)

27
Q

Zona Glomerulosa (15%)

A

Makes aldosterone

Closely packed clusters

28
Q

Zona fasciculata (80%)

A

Secretes glucocorticoids
Long cords separated by capillaries
Small nuclei
Lipid droplets containing steroid precursors

29
Q

Zona reticularis (5-7%)

A

Secretes androgenizing steroids (DHEA)

30
Q

Adrenal medulla cells: Types

A

Chromaffin cells: postsynaptic neurons without axons
Large dense core vesicles: secrete NE
Small less dense core vesicles: secrete epinephrine

31
Q

Islets make up ____% of pancreatic volume

A

1-2

32
Q

Cell types of Islets (4)

A

A
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