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Flashcards in Endocrine Lecture Cards Deck (12)
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1
Q

10 yo female, short stature. What is the differential dx?

A

Familial short stature. Genetic (Turners, pradar will). Bone Disease. Hormonal (hypothyroidism, GH deficiency, Cushings). Constitutional Growth Delay (Delayed growth; short for age but catch up). [Unlikley; calorie deficit, downs]

2
Q

What are some signs of turners syndrome?

A

webbed neck, shield check (wide flat), abnormally spaced nipples, increased carrying angle of the arm, coarctation of the aorta (non ductal dependent; can present at any age)

3
Q

What is a CXR finding you would see with coarctation?

A

rib notching (erosion)

4
Q

What are some investigations you would do for short stature

A

Bone Age, CBC, Urea, Cr, Electrolytes, TSH. GH Stim test (hard to do have to bring pt in hospital), karyotyping (take a long time).

5
Q

What is the screening bloodwork done postnatally testing for?

A

Phenylketonuria, Hypothyroidism, Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Disease, Fatty Acid/ Metabolic conditions, congenital adrenal hypoplasia (high false positive)

6
Q

What is DKA

A

Relative Insulin Deficiency

7
Q

What two things happen in DKA (one cellularly, one in serum)

A
  1. Cells do not get glucose because there is no insulin to transport it into the cell. 2. Glucose builds in the serum to cause hyperglycaemia.
8
Q

What happens to cells when they do not get energy from glucose and why is this dangerous?

A

They turn to fat for energy and break it down. Byproducts of breakdown = ketoacids. Therefore ketoacidosis can happen.

9
Q

What happens clinically once ketoacidosis begins?

A

pt will start vomiting and be unable to keep fluids down

10
Q

What % of glucose that makes it to the glomerulus gets reabsorbed until normal conditions?

A

ALL glucose is reabsorbed. Therefore it is abnormal to have glycosuria at any level.

11
Q

What three things do you need to fix DKA

A

K+ replacement, fluids, insulin

12
Q

What two things can you give if your DKA patient gets cerebral edema?

A

Mannitol for diuresis; 3% NaCl for osmols