Endocrine Overview 4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Endocrine Overview 4 Deck (31)
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1
Q

Does pathology occur more frequently in the anterior or posterior pituitary?

A

Anterior

2
Q

What is most anterior pituitary pathology cause by?

A
  • pituitary infarction
  • genetic disorders
  • trauma
  • tumors
3
Q

What is the definition of hyperpituitarism?

A
  • An oversecretion of one or more of the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
  • Especially GH
4
Q

Hyperpituitarism is associated with these disorders

A
  • Gigantism
  • Acromegaly
  • Cushing disease
  • Amenorrhea
  • Hyperthyroidism
5
Q

What is Cushing disease?

A
  • One form of Cushing syndrome and results from oversecretion of ACTH by a pituitary tumor
  • This in turn results in oversecretion of adrenocorticol hormones
6
Q

Gigantism is primarily caused by:

A
  • A hormone-secreting pituitary tumor

- Typically benign adenoma

7
Q

When does gigantism develop?

A

Develops in children before the epiphyses of the bones close

8
Q

Onset of gigantism?

A

abrupt

9
Q

What happens with gigantism as a result of the pituitary tumor?

A
  • overgrowth of long bones

- may grow up to 9 feet tall

10
Q

What are characteristics see in both gigantism and acromegaly?

A
  • Coarsened facial features
  • Protrusion of jaw
  • Thickened ears, nose, tongue
  • Broad hands, with spade-like fingers
11
Q

Acromegaly comes on (faster/slower) than gigantism

A

Slower

12
Q

What is acromegaly caused by?

A
  • Hormone-secreting pituitary tumor

- typically benign adenoma

13
Q

Why do gigantism and acromegaly have some of the same characteristics?

A

Both related to hypersecretion of growth hormone

14
Q

When does acromegaly develop?

A

Disease of adults, developing after closure of epiphyses

15
Q

When does acromegaly develop?

A
  • adulthood

- after closure of epiphyses

16
Q

Acromegaly: what happens to bone and soft tissue?

A
  • increased bone thickness

- hypertrophy of soft tissue

17
Q

Bones most affected in acromegaly

A
  • head
  • face
  • jaw
  • hands
  • feet
18
Q

Why is CTS seen in ~50% of acromegaly pts?

A

Thickening of connective tissue

19
Q

What is a common complaint for acromegaly pts? Why?

A
  • Back pain
  • Large osteophytes along ALL
  • abn ossification of ALL in ~50% of pts
  • mimics DISH
20
Q

What is DISH?

A

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

21
Q

In acromegaly, there is an increased mortality linked to uncontrolled

A

GH

If diagnosed early, can be treated

22
Q

What are some other medical complications seen with Acromegaly?

A
  • Amenorrhea
  • DM
  • profuse sweating
  • HTN
23
Q

Local manifestations of acromegaly and why they occur

A

Occur as tumor compresses brain tissue

  • HA
  • Diplopia
  • Blindness
  • Lethargy
24
Q

Why is medical management related to increased GH?

A

long-term exposure may predispose small % of population to malignant bone tumor

25
Q

Pituitary tumors may be treated with:

A
  • surgical removal
  • drug therapy
  • radiation therapy
26
Q

Which is the treatment of choice for pituitary adenomas that cause acromegaly?

A

Surgery

27
Q

What happens to pituitary following surgery?

A
  • function usually lost

- tx with hormone replacement is then usually necessary

28
Q

Which type of therapy is used for prolactin-secreting adenomas?

A

Drug therapy has replaced surgery in most cases

29
Q

When would the PT see someone with hyperpituitarism?

A
  • OA of hands and spine
  • CTS
  • Back pain
  • mm weakness
  • decreased activity tolerance
30
Q

Helpful program for a pt with hyperpituitarism will include promotion of

A
  • joint mobility
  • muscle strength
  • functional skill
31
Q

In home health, consider these with hyperpituitarism pts

A
  • ADL/energy conservation
  • removing obstacles
  • recommending DME