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Flashcards in Endocrinology - TopHat Deck (20)
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1
Q

You are seeing a 3 year old FS Standard Poodle for a waxing and waning history of inappetence. A minimum database (CBC/Chemistry/UA) is unremarkable. Baseline cortisol comes back as <1. What does this tell you?

a. Addison’s disease is ruled out
b. this patient most likely has Addison’s disease. Since electrolytes are normal, begin treating with prednisone alone.
c. ACTH stimulation test is needed before conclusions about Addison’s disease can be made

A

c. . ACTH stimulation test is needed before conclusions about Addison’s disease can be made

2
Q

Glucagon promotes which of the following?

a. Glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis)
b. Increased tissue utilization of glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes
c. Lipolysis
d. Gluconeogenesis

A

c. Lipolysis and d. gluconeogenesis

3
Q

A 3-year old intact female mixed breed dog presents for severe lethargy and anorexia of 24 hours duration. On exam, she has injected mucous membranes, tachycardia, a temperature of 104.5 F, weak pulses, and abdominal pain. Labwork shows an inflammatory leukogram with a left shift, severe pyuria and bacteriuria, and a blood glucose of 54 mg/dl (repeatable). Name the most likely differential for her hypoglycemia.

a. Addison’s disease
b. Insulinoma
c. Sepsis
d. Xylitol toxicity

A

c. Sepsis

4
Q

A middle-aged male neutered mixed breed dog (weight: 10 kg) presents for PU/PD and unexplained weight loss. He is otherwise acting normally at home: he has a good appetite, normal stools, normal energy, and no vomiting. His exam is unremarkable with the exception of early cataracts. You perform a minimum database and diagnose diabetes mellitus (glucose 475 mg/dl; 3+ glucose and 1+ ketones on urine dipstick). Select the most appropriate therapy for this dog.

a. 3 U NPH (Humulin-N) insulin SC every 12 hours
b. Treat as an inpatient with a DKA protocol
c. 10 U lente (vetsulin) insulin SC every 12 hours
d. 4 U glargine (Lantus) insulin SC every 12 hours

A

a. 3 U NPH (Humulin-N) insulin SC every 12 hours

5
Q

Mrs. Cat is an 11 year old female spayed DSH presenting for a 6-month history of weight loss and diarrhea. On physical exam, you note thin body condition and a gallop rhythm on auscultation. You submit a CBC, chemistry, urinalysis, and T4 with the following abnormalities noted:

  • CBC-no significant findings
  • Chemistry-ALT 147 (RI: 40-110)
  • UA-no significant findings
  • TT4-6.1 (R1:1-4)

Select the correct statement:

a. Mrs. cat has hyperthyroidism
b. Mrs. Cat does not have hyperthyroidism
c. A TSH and/or fT4ed are needed to confirm the diagnosis
d. a fT4ed and/pr T3 suppresion test are needed to confirm the diagnosis

A

a. Mrs. Cat has hyperthyroidism

6
Q

Which of the following clinical signs would not be suggestive of Cushing’s?

a. Polyphagia
b. Polyuria
c. Alopecia
d. Anorexia
e. Panting

A

d. Anorexia

7
Q

Which of the following would not be typical of a dog with Cushing’s?

a. Elevated ALP
b. Hypercholesterolemia
c. Proteinuria
d. Glucosuria
e. thrombocytosis

A

d. Glucosuria

8
Q

Dogs with undiagnosed Cushing’s can present with complications secondary to the disease. Which of the following would not be an expected complicated presentation of a dog with Cushing’s?

a. Urinary obstruction from calcium oxalate stones
b. Pruritus from Demodex skin infection
c. Bradycardia from hyperkalemia
d. Hindleg paralysis from a clot to the iliac artery
e. Acute abdomen from a ruptured gall bladder mucocele

A

c. Bradycardia from hyperkalemia

9
Q

Hercules is an 11 year old Dachshund presenting fro increased thirst and urination, panting, and failure of fur to regrow since his hemilaminectomy 6 months ago. On PE you find that he has thin skin, still shaved at the site of the previous hemilaminectomy, he has a pot belly and cranial organomegaly, and there are residual proprioceptive deficits in the hindlimbs.

What do you want to do next for Hercules?

a. ACTH stimulation test
b. minimum database
c. Urine cortisol to creatinine ratio
d. Thoracic radiographs

A

b. Minimum database and d. Thoracic radiographs

10
Q

Hercules is an 11 year old Dachshund presenting fro increased thirst and urination, panting, and failure of fur to regrow since his hemilaminectomy 6 months ago. On PE you find that he has thin skin, still shaved at the site of the previous hemilaminectomy, he has a pot belly and cranial organomegaly, and there are residual proprioceptive deficits in the hindlimbs.

You find lymphopenia on the CBC, elevated ALP and ALT on chemistry, and your UA shows isosthenria, 2+ protein, and rare WBC.

Now what test do you want to do next?

a. LDDS
b. ACTH stimulation test
c. Urine cortisol to creatinine ratio

A

a. LDDS

11
Q

LDDS results are: Baseline: 12 mcg/dl; 4 hours: 2 mcg/dl; 8 hours: 1.2 mcg/dl. How do you interpret his test results?

a. PDH
b. ADH
c. HAC but don’t know what type
d. Not Cushingoid

A

d. not cushingoid

12
Q

LDDS results are: Baseline: 12 mcg/dl; 4 hours: 1.3 mcg/dl; 8 hours: 10 mcg/dl. How do you interpret his test results?

a. PDH
b. ADH
c. HAC but don’t know what type
d. Not cushingoid

A

a. PDH

13
Q

LDDS results are: Baseline: 12 mcg/dl; 4 hours: 11 mcg/dl; 8 hours: 8 mcg/dl. How do you interpret his test results?

a. PDH
b. ADH
c. HAC but don’t know what type
d. Not Cushing’s

A

c. HAC, but don’t know what type

14
Q

What if Hercules was also a long-term diabetic. What would be the best test for Cushing’s?

a. LDDS
b. ACTH stimulation test
c. Urine cortisol creatinine

A

b. ACTH stimulation test

15
Q

Hercules is in the hospital for pancreatitis and DKA and you think he might be Cushingoid. What would be the best screening test for HAC in Hercules?

a. LDDS
b. Urine cortisol to creatinine ratio
c. ACTH stimulation ratio
d. none of the above

A

d. none of the above

Wait until the pancreatitis and DKA are treated

16
Q

What are classic clinical pathologic findings on the minimum database of a dog with Cushing’s?

a. Stress leukogram, significantly elevated ALT, dilute urine
b. Stress leukogram, elevated BUN, dilute urine
c. Thrombocytosis, elevated ALP, glucosuria
d. Thrombocytosis, elevated ALP, dilute urine
e. Anemia, elevated cholesterol, proteinuria

A

d. Thrombocytosis, elevated ALP, dilute urine

17
Q

In a dog with classic signs of Cushing’s (PU/PD, polyphagia, panting, elevated ALP, dilute urine) and no concurrent illness, which screening test for Cushing’s would you perform?

a. Urine cortisol to creatinine ratio
b. ACTH stimulation test
c. Low dose dexamethasone suppression test

A

c. Low dose dexamethasone suppression test

18
Q

Going back to Hercules… LDDS results were: Baseline - 12 mcg/dl, 4 hours- 8 mcg/dl, and 8 hours- 8 mcg/dl

What is your diagnosis?

a. Not Cushingoid
b. PDH
c. ADH
d. HAC, but don’t know what type

A

d. HAC, but don’t know what type

19
Q

What do you want to do next to determine what type of HAC Hercules has?

a. MRI
b. CT scan
c. Abdominal x-rays
d. Abdominal US
e. ACTH stimulation test

A

d. Abdominal US

20
Q

After ultrasound, you find an adrenal tumor. How do you want to treat him?

a. Unilateral adrenalectomy
b. Mitotane which works by inhibiting 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
c. Trilostane which works by causing selective necrosis of the zona fasciculata and reticularis
d. Trilostane which works by inhibiting 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase

A

d. Trilostane which works by inhibiting 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase

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