Endometrial cancer Flashcards Preview

Gynaecology > Endometrial cancer > Flashcards

Flashcards in Endometrial cancer Deck (11)
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1
Q

In who do most cases of endometrial cases occur in?

A

post-menopausal women

2
Q

What is the underlying risk factor of endometrial cancer?

A

unopposed oestrogen

3
Q

What are the RF for endometrial cancer?

A
o	Obesity, TDM, HTN
o	Nulliparity
o	Anovulatory cycles such as PCOS
o	Early/late menopause
Tamoxifen!! - causes endometrial hyperplasia 
o	Genetic predisposition, HNPCC confers high risk to endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancer  
o	Breast cancer 
o	Oestrogen only HRT
4
Q

What are protective factors of endometrial cancer?

A

o Parity

o COCP

5
Q

What is presentation

A

o PMB (red flag sx)
o If premenopausal - heavy or irregular periods
o PV discharge
o Pyometra - serious and life-threatening infection of the uterus

6
Q

What are ix and results

A

Normal examination
TVS - endometrial thickness >4mm requires biopsy
Hysteroscopy
CT/MRI - preoperative sstaging

7
Q

what cells are most endometrial cancers made up of

A

adenocarcinomas

8
Q

Explain FIGO staging for endometrial ca

A
I
Body of uterus only
II 
Body and cervix
III
Advancing beyond uterus but not pelvis
IV
Extending outside pelvis e.g. bladder
9
Q

What is the treatment of Endometrial ca

A
  1. total hysterectomy w bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
  2. Radiotherapy - adjuvant (brachytherapy/external beam)
  3. Progesterone therapy - delivered via coil or tablets (form of palliation used for those unfit for surgery)
10
Q

What is the 5yr survival for stage 1

A

80%

11
Q

What is brachytherapy

A

localised radiotion