Endotest 2 #2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Endotest 2 #2 Deck (43)
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1
Q

AKA – insulin-like growth factors (IGF’s); mediate GH actions on DNA and
protein synthesis; act directly on bone, muscle and other tissues

A

Somatomedins

2
Q

secretes GRH after being acted on by NT’s

A

Arcuate Nucleus

3
Q

found in neck, below larynx; consists of (2) lobes on either side of trachea;
arranged into follicles (closed hollow balls) filled w/ colloid containing thyroglobulin; rich blood
supply; made of cuboidal epithelial cells; flat if inactive

A

Thyroid Gland

4
Q

T3; active form; converted from T4 by target cells; binds to the thyroid hormone
receptor

A

Triiodothyronine

5
Q

T4; inactive form; accounts for 93% produced and circulated; converted to T3 by target
cells

A

Thyroxin

6
Q

hormone secreted by thyroid gland involved in Ca+ homeostasis

A

Calcitonin

7
Q

condition seen w/ hypothyroidism in which bone growth is retarded more than soft
tissues; characterized by impaired mental fxn

A

Cretinism

8
Q

condition seen w/ hypothyroidism in which the face swells due to increased fluid
retention

A

Myxedema

9
Q

condition seen w/ Graves disease or hyperthyroidism characterized by bulging eyes

A

Exopthalamus

10
Q

– hormone produced by hypothalamus; responsible for
releasing Prolactin during lactation; responds to signals about body & environmental temp or
excitement and stress

A

Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

11
Q

goitergenic substance responsible for blocks iodine uptake

A

Thiocyanate

12
Q

goitergenic substance responsible for blocks oxidation of iodine

A

Propylthiouracil

13
Q

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

A

responsible for placenta production of estorgens during
preganancy & stimulation of embryonic & fetal growth during prenatal & early postenatal
development; possible youth hormone – production declines w/ age; stimulates growth of some
cancers and inhibits growth of others

14
Q

innermost region of adrenal cortex during pregnancy; produces
DHEA

A

Temporary Fetal Adrenal Zone

15
Q

produces aldosterone; controlled by the renin-angiostensin system & K+ levels
in ECF; fxn controlled by Corticotrophin (ACTH)

A

Zona Glomerulosa

16
Q

controls fxn of zona glomerulosa; DOES NOT stimulate

aldosterone secretion

A

Corticotrohin – AKA – ACTH

17
Q

produce glucocorticoids & androgens; controlled by ACTH

A

Zona Fasciculata & Zona Reticularis

18
Q

4-ring, 18-21 carbon structure; synthesized from cholesterol; regulated by
ACTH/LH stimulation of cAMP production

A

Steroid Hormone

19
Q

21-carbon structure; active form of steroid hormone

A

Progestin

20
Q

inactive precursor of steroid hormone; 1st product of cholesterol

A

Pregnenolone

21
Q

secreted by ovaries & placenta; promotes body changes to support pregnancy; can
mimic or antagonize actions of adrenal steroid hormones

A

Progesterone

22
Q

responsible for glucocorticoid & mineralcorticoid activity; occurs ONLY in zona
reticularis & fasciculata

A

Cortisol

23
Q

responsible for minearlcorticoid activity; occurs ONLY in zona glomerulosa

A

Aldosterone

24
Q

AKA – Testosterone; 19-carbon structure; masculizing hormone; occurs ONLY in zona
reticularis & fasciculata

A

Androgen

25
Q

AKA – 17-beta Estradiol; 18-carbon structure; feminizing hormone

A

Estrogen

26
Q

4-ring, 27-carbon structure; precursor for steroid hormones; brought to cells from the
liver via LDL or made by cells from acetate

A

Cholesterol

27
Q

– rate limiting step for ALL steroid hormone production

A

Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage

28
Q

genetic mutation resulting in a defective enzyme for cortisol production

A

Adrenogenital Syndrome

29
Q

specific binding protein for adrenalcorticoids; produced by liver

A

Transcotin

30
Q

major blood protein; non-specific binding protein for ALL steroids; produced by liver

A

Albumin

31
Q

transports sex steroids; produced by liver

A

Sex Steroid Binding Globulin

32
Q

results from a  aldosterone, H+ excretion, &  pH

A

Alkalosis

33
Q

– results from a aldosterone and pH

A

acidosis

34
Q

results from a decrease in ECF; dehydration; low b.p.

A

Hyponatremia

35
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

results from retaining too much K+ in ECF; leads to weakening of the heart, cardiac
arrhythmia, CO, circulatory shock, and finally DEATH

36
Q

occurs when b.p. increases above 15-25 mmHg and stimulates Na+ & H2O
excretion; protects the body from further rises in b.p. due to aldosterone escape

A

Pressure Diruesis

37
Q

uncontrolled aldosterone

A

aldosterone escape

38
Q

results from a loss of K+; causes severe skeletal muscle weakness

A

Hypokalemia

39
Q

– hormone that acts on the adrenals to stimulate aldosterone production & secretion;
acts on vascular smooth muscle contraction to increase b.p.

A

Angiotensin II

40
Q

secrete rennin

A

JG Cells

41
Q

secreted by JG cells by the kidney

A

Renin

42
Q

– results from elevated blood Glu usually 50% above normal Glu levels

A

Adrenal Diabetes

43
Q

– stimulated by anterior pituitary to release ACTH, alpha & gamma MSH,
beta Endorphin, & Lipotrophin

A

Pro-opiomelanocorti