Endrocrine Flashcards Preview

Clinical Exam - Differential Diagnosis > Endrocrine > Flashcards

Flashcards in Endrocrine Deck (7)
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1
Q

Adrenal insuffiency

A
Primary:
Autoimmune adrenalitis (most common)
Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes 
Infection (Tb/HIV)
Haemorrhage (waterhouse frederichsen in meningococcal sepsis)
Drug induced (ketoconazole)
Infiltration (sarcoidosis, metastases, amyloid)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

Secondary:
Panhypopituitarism
Abrupt cessation of exogenous steroids
Pituitary or hypothalamic disease

2
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A
Graves disease
Multi-nodular goitre
Toxic functioning adenoma
Thyroiditis 
- hashimotos
- subacute (painful)
- Reidels
- postpartum
Iodine induced (Jod Basedow effect - increased hormone production on iodine replacement after period of iodine deficiency)
Drugs (amiodarone, lithium)
Exogenous thyroid hormone
Secondary hyperthyroidism (rare)
3
Q

Goitre

A

Idiopathic
Pregnancy/postpartum/puberty
Graves disease
Thyroiditis - hasimotos, reidels, subacute
Iodine deficiency
Goitrogens (iodine excess, drugs e.g. lithium)
Inborn errors of thyroid hormone synthesis

4
Q

Hirsutism

A
Constitutional (normal)
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Cushings
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Stromal ovarian tumors
Drugs: phenytoin, diazoxide, corticosteroids, androgens, testosterone
Acromegaly
5
Q

Thyroid nodules

A
Carcinoma
- Anaplastic (bad)
- Folicullar
- Papillary (most common)
- Medullary
Adenoma
Multi-nodular goitre
6
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Primary
With a goitre (decreased synthesis of thyroid hormone)
- Chronic thyroiditis
- Drugs: Lithium, Amiodarone
- Endemic iodine deficiency
- Inborn errors
Without a goitre (decreased or absent thyroid tissue)
- idiopathic atrophy
- Agenesis or lingual thyroid
- Post- treatment - radioactive iodine, surgery

Secondary: pituitary lesions
Tertiary: Hypothalamic lesions

Transient:

  • withdrawal of thyroid hormone treatment
  • subacute thyroiditis
  • postpartum thyroiditis
7
Q

Neck swelling

A
Midline:
Goitre - moves up with swallowing
Thyroglossal cyst - moves with tongue protrusion
Submental Mass
Parathyroid gland (rarely)
Lateral:
Lymphadenopathy
Salivary glands (stone, mass)
- submandibular
- parotid
Skin - lipoma, sebaceous cyst
Carotid artery aneurysm, tumour (pulsatile)
Pharynx: pharyngeal pouch, branchial cyst