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Physics GCSE > Energy (10) > Flashcards

Energy (10) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the law of the conservation of energy

A

That energy can never be created nor destroyed, only ever transferred form one form to another

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2
Q

What are the nine types of energy

A 
Gravitational Potential
Light
Electrical
Nuclear
Kinetic
Sound
Elastic Potential
Chemical
Thermal
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3
Q

Gravitational potential, elastic potential and chemical energy are all forms of _________ energy - waiting to be turned into other forms

A

Stored

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4
Q

What is energy conservation

A

Using fewer resources because of the damage they can do and because they might run out

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5
Q

Most energy transferred involve some losses, often as _______

A

Heat

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6
Q

Useful devices are only useful because they can __________ energy from one from to another. In doing so, some of the useful ________ energy is always lost or wasted often as ________

A

Convert
Input
Heat

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7
Q

The less energy that is wasted, the more ____________ the device is said to be

A

Efficient

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8
Q

A _____________ is a device which turns one type of energy into another

A

Machine

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9
Q

You can give efficiency as a Decimal or a ____________

A

Percentage, i.e. 0.75 or 75%

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10
Q

Ultimately, all energy ends up as _________ energy

A

Heat

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11
Q

Electrical devices convert ___________ energy into heat, sound, light.

A

Electrical

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12
Q

Batteries convert ____________ energy into ____________ energy to run electrical devices

A

Chemical

Electrical

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13
Q

Gravitational and elastic potential always gets converted into ___________ energy fast

A

Kinetic

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14
Q

Electricity generation always involves converting other forms of energy into ____________ energy

A

Electrical

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15
Q

Heat energy can be transferred by ___________, ___________ or ______________

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection

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16
Q

Thermal (infra-red) radiation is the transfer of heat energy by _______________ waves

A

Electromagnetic

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17
Q

Conduction and convection involve the transfer of energy by _____________

A

Particles

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18
Q

___________is the main form of heat transfer in solids

A

Conduction

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19
Q

_____________ is the main form of heat transfer in liquids and gases

A

Convection

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20
Q

Emission of thermal radiation occurs in solids, liquids and gases. Any object can both __________ and ________ heat radiation, whether or not conduction or convection are also taking place

A

Absorb

Emit

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21
Q

The bigger the heat difference, the ___________ heat is transferred between a body and its surrounding

A

Faster

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22
Q

Heat radiation can also be ____________ radiation, and it consists purely of electromagnetic waves of a certain range of _____________. It’s next to visible light in the electromagnetic ____________

A

Infra-red
Frequencies
Spectrum

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23
Q

All objects are continually emitting and absorbing ________ radiation

A

Heat

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24
Q

An object that’s hotter than its surroundings __________ more radiation than it __________. It gets ____________.

A

Emits
Absorbs
Cooler

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25
Q

An object that’s cooler than its surroundings _________ more radiation than it __________. It gets _____________

A

Absorbs more than it emits. It gets hotter.

26
Q

You can feel heat radiation if you stand near something ______ like a fire

A

Hot

27
Q

In a ________, particles are held tightly together. So when one particle vibrates, what happens

A

Solid
When one particle vibrates, it collides with other particles nearby and the vibrations quickly pass from particle to particle.

28
Q

Conduction of heat is the process where vibrating particles pass on their extra ____________ energy to neighbouring particles

A

Kinetic

29
Q

The process of conduction continues throughout the solid and gradually some of the extra kinetic energy (or heat) is passed all the way through the solid, causing a rise in ________________ at the other side of the solid. Hence an increase in the heat ______________ from its surface

A

Temperature

Radiation

30
Q

Of the 3 heat transfer methods, radiation is the only one that works through a ____________ since it doesn’t rely on there being any _____________ about. This is how we get heat from the _____ across the great __________ of space.

A

Vacuum
Particles
Sun
Vacuum

31
Q

Convection occurs when the more energetic particles move from the ____________ region to the ____________ region - and take their _______ energy with them

A

Hotter
Cooler
Heat

32
Q

Why can’t convection happen in solids

A

Because the particles can’t move

33
Q

Convection is most effective in ________ containers because they allow the convection currents to work best

A

Roundish

34
Q

Heating a room with a radiator relies on convection currents too. _______, ________ dense air given out by the radiator rises and _______, _______, more _________ air flows to replace it

A

Hot, less dense
Replaces
Cold, more dense

35
Q

Name 3 ways to insulate your house

A 
Double glazing
Loft insulation
Thick curtains
Hot water tank jacket
Draught proofing
Cavity wall insulation
36
Q

What does loft insulation prevent

A

Conduction

Convection

37
Q

What does draught proofing prevent

A

Convection

38
Q

What does cavity wall insulation prevent

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

39
Q

What do thick curtains prevent

A

Conduction

Convection

40
Q

What does double glazing prevent

A

Conduction

Convection

41
Q

What does a hot water tank jacket prevent

A

Conduction

Radiation

42
Q

Work done is just energy ___________

A

Energy transferred

43
Q

When a force moves an object, energy is _____________ and work is ______

A

Transferred

Done

44
Q

Equation for work done

A

Work Done = Force x Distance moved

45
Q

Power is the _______ of doing _______

A

Rate

Work

46
Q

Power =

A

Work done / time taken

47
Q

Power is measured in _______ or __ / __

A

Watts

J/s

48
Q

Anything that is moving has ___________ energy

A

Kinetic energy

49
Q

The kinetic energy of something depends on both its _________ and __________

A

Mass and speed

50
Q

Kinetic energy formula

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity²

51
Q

Gravitational potential energy formula:

A

GPE = Mass x gravity x height

52
Q

GPE is a way of storing ___________ energy

A

Kinetic

53
Q

You have to put work in to move something to increase its gravitational potential energy, and that energy is only released when the object _________

A

Falls

54
Q

Falling objects convert what into what

A

GPE into KE

55
Q

Kinetic energy gained =

A

Gravitational potential energy lost

56
Q

There are different types of energy resource. What are the 2 broad types that they fit into.

A

Renewable

Non-renewable

57
Q

Name 3 non-renewable fossil fuels

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear fuels (plutonium)

58
Q

Fossil fuels will _____ _____ one day. They also do __________ to the environment. Fossil fuels provide most of out __________

A

Run out
Damage
Energy

59
Q

Advantages of fossil fuels:

A

They release a lot of energy relatively cheaply
Reliable, don’t rely on weather
We already have a lot of of fossil fuel power stations, so we don’t have to spend money on new technology

60
Q

Disadvantages of fossil fuels:

A

They all release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which contributes to global warming and climate change
Oil and coal release sulfur dioxide which cause acid rain
They will run out

Physics GCSE (22 decks)

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