What is the proper name for your nostrils?
ALa
What is the name of the wee gutter above your lip?
Philtrum
What bone forms the roof, lateral walls and septum of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bone
What seperates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
What mucosa do you find in the nasal cavity?
in the nostrils - stratified squamous epithelium
Around the middle inferior conchea - Respiratory epithelium
At the top - Olfactory epithelium
What cranial nerve is responsible for your sense of smell?
CN 1 olfactory nerve
How does the olfactory pathway work?
Receptor cells in the olfactory epihelium pass up through the cribriform plate
These synapse with the olfactory bulb
The neurons then pass along the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe
What artery hooks under the jaw and supplies the cheeks and face?
Facial artery
Where does the facial artery come from?
External carotid artery
What is the nose bleed area called?
Kirsselbach’s area
What are the names of the conchae and what side of the nasal cavity are they?
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Inferior nasal concha
all in the lateral wall
What are the spaces in the conchae called?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Superior meatus
Middle meatus
Inferior meatus
What are the four paranasal sinuses?
frontal sinuses
Ethmoidal air cells
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
What lines the inside of the paranasal sinuses?
Thin respiratory epithelium
What drains into each of the meatus?
Sphenoethmoidal recess - sphenoid sinus
Superior meatus - posterior ethmoidal air cells
Middle meatus- frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoidal air cells
Inferior meatus - Nasolacrimal duct
How is lacrimal fluid circulated?
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Infecrior meatus
What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial nerve
Vestibulocohlear nerve
What glands produce earwax?
Ceruminous glands
What suppies the outside of the ear?
C2 and C3 spinal nerves
Wbt supplies the inner part of the ear?
Trigeminal nerve and vagus nerve
Where does the auricle lymphatic drainage eventually drain in to?
Deep cervical lymph nodes in the carotid sheath
What is the nerve supply to the external surface of the tympanic membrane?
Trigeminal nerve
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply sensory innervation too?
Middle ear
Eustachian tube
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Tonsils
What are the 3 bones of the middle ear ( in order)
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
What are the two muscles in the middle ear?
Stapedius muscle
Tensor tympani muscle
What is the fancy name for the middle ear?
Tympanic cavity
What is the roof of the tympanic cavity also known as?
Epitympanic recess
What nerve runs straight through the tympanic cavity ( posterior to anterior)?
Chorda tympani
What does the chorda tympani do and what nerve is it a branch off?
taste buds fo the anterior 2/3rs of the tongue
parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
facial
Which nerves are responbile for taste?
anterior 2/3 Facial nerve via chorda tympani
posterior third - Glossopharyngeal
All other - vagus nerve
What are the five primary tastes?
Salty
sour
Sweet
Bitter
Unami
What is ageusia?
Loss of taste
What are the two openings of the inner ear to the middle ear?
Oval and round window
Where does sound enter and leave the inner ear?
enters oval window
leaves round window
What is the name of the membrane which vibrates in the cochlea?
Basilar membrane
How many turns are in the cochlea?
2 and 1/2
What are the names of the three semi circular canals?
Superior
Posterior
Lateral
What nerve suplies the muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve
What foramen does the trigeminal nerve pass through?
Foramen ovale
What nerve supplies the sublingual and submandibulary salivary glands?
Facial nerve
What are the muscles of facial expression?
Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Elevators of the lips
Orbicularis oris
What are the two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Cochlear nerve
Vestibular nerve
What fluid fills the otic capsule?
Filled with perilymph
What are the semicircular and cochlear ducts?
Balloon like structures filled with endolymph which sit inside the labyrinths
What are the 4 parts of the vestibular apparatus?
What do the saccule and utricle do?
Utricle detects movement in the horizontal plane
Saccule detects movement in the vertical
What are the receptor cells which detect auditory stimuli called?
organ of corti
What foramen does the vestbulocochlear nerve pass through to reach the brain?
Internal acoustic meatus
What is the name of the space between the teeth and the lips?
The oral vestibule
What is the string tethering the tounge called?
Frenulum
What musscles make up the floor of the mouth
Geniohyoid (superior)
Mylohyoid (inferior)
Where does the parotid galand secrete saliva?
Upper 2nd molar
What is the nerve supply to each salivary gland?
Parotid- glossopharyngeal (IX)
Sublingual- facial nerve (VII)
Submandibular - facial nerve (VII)
What is the nerve supply for the anterior 2/3rds of the tounge?
Taste - facial nerve
General sensory - Trigeminal
What is the nerve supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tounge
Taste and general sensory by Glossopharyngeal nerve
What are the four muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Where does the hypoglossal nerve enter the brain?
Foramen magnum
How do you test the hypoglossal nerve?
Ask the patient to stick their tongue out,
The tip of the tounge will point to the injured side
What nerve supplies the skeletal muscles of the soft palate?
vagus nerve
How can you test the vagus nerve?
Ask the patient to say “Aaaah”
uvula swings away from the damaged side
What innervates the muscles of the pharynx?
All are innervated by CN X
What are the two cartilages that make up the adams apple?
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Between which vertabrle levels is the larynx
C4 and C6
At what vertable level is the hyoid bone?
C3
Explain the concept of “Circoid pressure”
Press on the circoid cartilage to compress the oesophagus.
This prevents regurgitation and keeps the airway open
What is the false vocal cord?
The vestibular fold
What is the rima glottis ?
The space between the true vocal cords
What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Inferior laryngeal nerve
What supplies the mucosa above the vocal folds and what supplies the mucosa below the vocal folds?
Above - Internal laryngeal nerve
Below - Inferior laryngeal nerve
Where does the inferior laryngeal nerve come from?
Comes from the recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the nerve supply to the nose?
Top bit - CN V1 anterior ethmoidal nerve
Lower bit- CN V2 nasoplantine nerve
What is the arterial supply to the nose
Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal artery at the top
Sphenopalatine artery in the middle
Greater palatine artery from below
What supplies the tensor tympani muscle?
CN V3
What supplies the stapedius muscle?
CN VII - Facial
How does the facial nerve travel through the middle ear cavity?
From the internal acoustic meatus
through the facial cannal
out the sylomastoid foramen
What supplies the muscles of the tounge?
Hypoglossal nerve
what does the circothyoid muscle do?
increases pitch
Who do the thyroidaretenoid muscles do?
Lower pitch
What do the circoarytenoid muscles do?
lower volume
What do arytenoid muscles do?
Lower volume