epithelial malignancies 1 and 2 Flashcards Preview

oral path 2, exam 1 > epithelial malignancies 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in epithelial malignancies 1 and 2 Deck (35)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what is the most common form of skin cancer?

how many people are diagnosed with this form per year?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

nearly 3 million cases diagnosed annually

2
Q

what population groups are at the highest risk for Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)?

A

Affected patients are typically over 40 years of age, have a fair complexion and a history of chronic sun exposure

3
Q

what percent of BCC’s are found on the head/neck region?

A

80%

4
Q

most basal cell carcinomas develop in what region?

A

middle third of the face

5
Q

what is the most common type of clinical presentation of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Nodulo-ulcerative

6
Q

what are the clinical features of a Nodulo-ulcerative BCCa?

A

Umbilicated pearly papule that may show central ulceration

Lack of adnexal skin structures (hair)

7
Q

what are the histopathological finding for Basal cell carcinoma?

A

A) Basaloid cells that appear to “drop off” of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

B) Nodulo-ulcerative - large lobules of tumor cells are characteristic

8
Q

T/F: Pigmentation of Basal cell carcinoma is relatively rare

A

False

Pigmented lesions are not rare

9
Q

Pigmented BCCa lesions can resemble what other type of lesion?

A

Resemble melanocytic nevi due to the presence of benign melanocytic colonization

10
Q

how can a pigmented BCCa be differentiated from a melanocytic nevus?

A

History of relatively short (weeks-months) duration and lack of hair should help distinguish this lesion from a nevus

11
Q

Most Basal cell carcinomas have a nodulo-ulcerative pattern, with large lobules of tumor cells invading what layer of the dermis?

A

the superficial connective tissue

12
Q

why do some BCCa’s become pigmented?

A

activation of benign melanocytes

13
Q

what is the most aggressive (and most rare) form of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Sclerosing (morpheaform) basal cell carcinoma

14
Q

what do Sclerosing (morpheaform) Basal cell carcinomas resemble clinically?

A

Clinically resemble a scar

- due to the induction of collagen formation by the tumor cells

15
Q

what are the histological characteristics of Sclerosing BCCa?

A

characterized by tiny infiltrative nests of tumor cells in a collagenous background

16
Q

T/F: it is difficult to clinically determine the borders of a Sclerosing BCCa

A

True

Very difficult to assess borders clinically because of this infiltrative growth pattern

17
Q

what treatments are available for BCCa?

A
Scalpel excision
Electrocautery and curettage
Cryotherapy
Topical agents (5-FU, imiquimod)
Mohs micrographic surgery
18
Q

over __% of patients with Basal cell carcinoma are cured after the first treatment

A

95%

19
Q

when would you perform Mohs surgery on a Basal cell carcinoma patient?

A

Larger lesions, recurrent lesions and tumors in areas of embryonic fusion

20
Q

what is the most common oral malignancy?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

21
Q

T/F: Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the second most common cutaneous malignancy

A

true

22
Q

from what cell type do SCCa’s arise? in what areas of the face are UV related SCCa’s found?

A

Arises from surface epithelial cells

Skin and lower vermilion zone of the lip cancers are due to UV light exposure

23
Q

Cutaneous SCCa’s often arise from what type of pre-existing lesions?

A

Actinic Keratosis

Due to chronic sun (ultraviolet light) exposure

24
Q

what areas of the body are at highest risk for developing SCCa?

A

Face, helix of ear, dorsum of hands and arms are common sites

25
Q

T/F: actinically-induced squamous cell carcinomas are well-differentiated and grow slowly

A

true

26
Q

what % of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas are associated with smoking?

A

75-80%

27
Q

what areas in the mouth are at risk for SCCa in people with NO identifiable risk factors?

A

lateral tongue of younger people or gingiva of older women

28
Q

Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for about _____% of all cancers in the US

A

3-4

29
Q

what population groups are at highest risk for SCCa?

A

Most occur in adults over 45 years

Men outnumber women by a 2.5:1 margin

30
Q

clinical features of Squamous cell carcinoma lesions:

A

A) Irregular shape, mixture of red and white clinically
B) Often ulcerated
C) Exophytic (growing out) or endophytic (growing in) growth pattern
D) Often much firmer than surrounding tissues

31
Q

T/F: Oral SCCa is usually asymptomatic until late stages

A

True

32
Q

when would a Squamous cell carcinoma show a ragged radiolucency?

A

characteristic of lesions that involve underlying bone

33
Q

Characteristics of SCCa of the LIP:

A

1) Commonly involved site
2) Secondary to chronic sun (UV) exposure
3) Arises in the setting of actinic cheilitis
4) Slow-growing, well-differentiated lesions usually

34
Q

what is the most common location of an oral SCCa?

A

Lateral tongue

its almost always the location in patients under 40

35
Q

a history of smoking will increase the risk of oral SCCa in what areas?

A

A) lateral tongue

B) floor of mouth