ESA 1 Clinical Conditions- ToB Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in ESA 1 Clinical Conditions- ToB Deck (29)
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1
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy?

A

Implantation of the embryo in the fallopian tubes which leads to rupture of the tube, miscarriage and haemorrhage

2
Q

What is placenta praevia?

A

Implantation of the embryo in the lower segment of the uterine wall. The placenta blocks the cervix so a C-section is required

3
Q

What is Marfan’s syndrome?

A

Misfolding of the fibrillin leading to more elastic connective tissue

4
Q

Give 3 features of marfan’s disease

A

Very tall
Long digits
Death from aortic rupture

5
Q

How is Marfan’s disease inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

6
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos disease?

A

Type III collagen deficiency leading to loss of structure

7
Q

Give 3 features of Ehlers-Danlos disease

A

Stretchy skin
Unstable joints
Easy bruising

8
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes leading to depigmentation

9
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Autoimmune destruction of hair follicles

10
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Extreme overproduction of skin cells leading to too much stratum corneum.
Presents with scaly skin

11
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

Malignant cancer in the melanocytes found in the skin

12
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Type I collagen deficiency

13
Q

How is osteogenesis imperfecta inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

14
Q

How may osteogenesis imperfecta present?

A

Blue sclera- cornea thins

Multiple fractures leading to bowed long bones

15
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

Deficiency of vitamin D in adults

16
Q

What is type I osteoporosis?

A

Loss of oestrogen due to menopause causing a loss of mediation of osteoclast activity

17
Q

What is type II osteoporosis?

A

Loss of osteoblast function due to old age

18
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

Excess GH after puberty leads to increased width of bones

19
Q

What is gigantism?

A

Excess GH before puberty leading to excessive growth of long bones from the epiphyseal growth plates

20
Q

What is cretinism?

A

Neonatal hypothyroidism causing retardation and short stature

21
Q

What is achondroplasia?

A

Deformed fibroblast growth factor leading to early fusion of the epiphyseal growth plates. Causes short stature and an enlarged forehead

22
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

Autoimmune destruction of endplate ACh receptors

23
Q

How will myasthenia gravis present?

A

Droopy eyelids
Fatigue
Sudden collapse

24
Q

What is muscular dystrophy?

A

Absence or truncation of dystrophin

The muscle fibres tear on contraction

25
Q

How is muscular dystrophy inherited?

A

X-linked recessive

26
Q

What is botulism?

A

Botulism toxin blocks ACh release to stop muscle contraction

27
Q

What is thyrotoxicosis?

A

Increased basal metabolic rate leading to protein catabolism and atrophy

28
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia?

A

Reaction to general anaesthesia causing systemic release of Ca2+ from the SERs
There is a huge temperature spike which results in death

29
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Autoimmune destruction of myelin sheath and Schwann cells