Essential Pharmacolgy 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Essential Pharmacolgy 2 Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is a drug?

A

Any chemical agent that affects a biological system

2
Q

What are sources of drugs?

A
  • Natural products
  • Synthetic drugs generate by pharmaceutical industry
  • Biotechnology using living systems to make therapeutic agents
  • Gene therapy to introduce new DNA
3
Q

How do drugs act?

A

By interacting with a binding site/receptor

4
Q

What are some examples of receptors?

A
  • Cell surface receptor
  • Intracellular receptors
  • Ion channels
  • Carriers
  • Enzymes
  • Nucleic acids
5
Q

How do you get a bigger response?

A

Increasing the amount of drug

6
Q

What happens once you reach saturation level for receptors?

A

There will be no further change in size of response as all drug volume is no longer the limiting factor

7
Q

What is affinity determined by?

A

Strength of chemical attraction between drug and receptor

A low Ec indicates high affinity

8
Q

What is efficacy determined by?

A

How good the drug is at activating the receptor

9
Q

What is the size of response dependent on?

A
  • Drug affinity

- Drug efficacy

10
Q

What do agonists do?

A

Mimic the normal effect of receptor

11
Q

What do antagonists do?

A

Block the normal action of receptor

12
Q

Give examples of transmitters that act on several receptor subtypes.

A
  • ACh activates all cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic
  • Noraderenaline activates all adrenergic receptors,a1, a2, B1 and B2
13
Q

What do selective agonists do?

A

Activate some but not all subtypes

-Salbutamol is a B2 agonsit

14
Q

What do selective antagonists do?

A

Block some but not all subtypes

-Propanolol is a B1 and B2 antagonist