Exam 02 - questions from lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the spinal meninges stop in the vertebral canal?

A

S2 / 2nd sacral vertebral level

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2
Q

Where does the CSF end?

A

in the dural venous sinuses

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3
Q

Where are the dural venous sinuses located?

A

between the endosteal & meningeal layers of the dura mater

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4
Q

The Pia mater layer is also known as the what?

A

vascular membrane of the brain

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5
Q

Which layer forms the infolding or reflections for the compartments of the brain?

A

Falx cerebri -separates cerebrum into R & L hemispheres

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6
Q

Which veins are running in the venous sinuses?

A

Superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus

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7
Q

What are the 3 sinuses located in falx cerebri?

A

Superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus

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8
Q

What are the attachments of the Falx Cerebelli

A

free margin - attaches to clinoid process
attached margin - attached to posterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone, petrous part of temporal bone, internal surface of occipital bone & part of parietal bone

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9
Q

What are the 3 parts forming the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

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10
Q

Where is the free margin attached?

A

the cliniod process

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11
Q

What is the tentorium notch?

A

gap b/w free & attached margins, related to brain stem

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12
Q

Which venous sinus runs in the falx cerebelli?

A

occipital sinus

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13
Q

which fold of dura mater is pierced by the stalk of the pituitary, infundubullum?

A

diaphragm sella or sellar diaphragm

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14
Q

What is the termination of the internal jugular vein?

A

IJV (Internal Jugular vein) meets subclavian vein (from upper extremity) and forms Brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

What are the venous sinuses inside the cranial cavity?

A
  • Sphenoid parietal sinus
  • Cavernous sinuess R & L
  • Anterior & Posterior intercavernous sinuses
  • Superior & Inferior Petrosal sinus
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16
Q

Which venous sinus forms internal jugular vein?

A

Sigmoid sinus

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17
Q

What are the veins connected to confluence of sinuses?

A
  • Superior & Inferior sagittal sinus
  • straight sinus
  • L & R Transverse Sinuses
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18
Q

What is the termination of sigmoid sinus?

A

internal jugular vein

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19
Q

what is formation of sigmoid sinus?

A

transverse sinus

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20
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A

begins in crista galli

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21
Q

What is the function of anterior inter cavernous & posterior inter cavernous sinuses?

A

connects the cavernous sinuses

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22
Q

Which foramina does Frontal emissary vein run?

A

Foramen cecum

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23
Q

The occipital sinus communicates with what?

A

vertebral venous plexus

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24
Q

What sinus makes the R transverse sinus?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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25
Q

Which sinus makes the L transverse sinus?

A

Straight sinus

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26
Q

Where is the Parietal emissary vein located?

A

near the Sagittal suture

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27
Q

Where is the mastoid emissary vein located?

A

connects sigmoid sinus with occipital or posterior auricular vein

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28
Q

What is the location of sub occipital venus plexus?

A

suboccipital triangle

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29
Q

What is the only venous sinus which exits from the cranium through the jugular foramen?

A

Inferior petrosal sinus

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30
Q

Which cranial nerve exits from the dorsal aspect of the brain?

A

the trochlear nerve - CN IV

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31
Q

Which cranial nerves are sensory & functioning for special senses?

A

CN I & CN II

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32
Q

Which are the motor nerves of the eye, control eye muscles?

A

CN III, IV, VI (3, 4, & 6)

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33
Q

What is the termination of the olfactory nerve?

A

lateral: piriform cortex of medial lobe
medial: anterior commissure

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34
Q

Where does the optic nerve begin?

A

from the ganglion cells

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35
Q

What cranial nerves originate ONLY in the midbrain?

A

CN III & CN IV

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36
Q

Where do the nuclei originate for Trigeminal nerve - CN V?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla, & spinal cord

37
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit?

A

foramina in cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

38
Q

What is the destination of the optic nerve fibers?

A
  • lateral genicular nucleus

- optic radiation - final destination: visual cortex of occipital lobe (in back)

39
Q

What are the 2 intrinsic muscles that control the eye?

A

(size pupil)- constrictor pupillae

dilator pupillae

40
Q

Where is the Spinal Accessory nerve’s nucleus?

A

CN XI - Edinger Westphal nucleus (medulla)

41
Q

Which cranial nerves originate ONLY in the pons?

A

CN VI, VII

42
Q

Which cranial nerves originate ONLY in the medulla?

A

CN IX, CN X, CN XI, CN XII

43
Q

Where does CN VIII nucleus originate?

A

pons, medulla

44
Q

Where does cranial nerve V originate?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla, spinal cord

45
Q

Which cranial nerves originate in the midbrain?

A

CN III, CN IV

46
Q

Which of the cranial nerves runs through the orbital fissure?

A

Trochlear nerve CNIV

47
Q

Which muscles does the superior branch of Trochlear nerve innervate?

A
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
  • superior & medial rectus
  • ciliary ganglion
48
Q

Which muscles does inferior branch of the Trochlear nerve innervate?

A
  • inferior rectus

* inferior oblique

49
Q

Which nerve carries parasympathetic root for ciliary ganglion…fibers?

A

nerve to inferior oblique muscle forms the motor or parasympathetic root from ciliary ganglion - which is a branch from oculomotor nerve

50
Q

Which branch carries parasympathetic fibers?

A

nerve to inferior oblique

51
Q

Which is the smallest cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear nerve (IV)

52
Q

Which cranial root has 4 root origins?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

53
Q

Location of Trochlear nucleus?

A

level of inferior colliculus in the midbrain

54
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

55
Q

What is the location of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

level of superior colliculus in the midbrain

56
Q

What is the nerve supply to superior oblique?

A

CN IV

57
Q

Which cranial nerve has mesencephalic origin?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

58
Q

What nerves enter through superior orbital fissure?

A

3, 4, 6, and ophthalmic division of (5)Trigeminal

59
Q

What are the 3 main branches of Ophthalmic Branch of Trigeminal nerve?

A
  • frontal nerve
  • nasociliary nerve
  • lacrimal nerve
60
Q

Where does the Maxillary nerve exit?

A

foramen rotunda

61
Q

What nerve contributes to ansa cervicalis?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

62
Q

What type of neurons are present in Trigeminal ganglion?

A

psedounipolar neurons

63
Q

What is the only muscles of the tongue NOT supplied by Hypoglossal nerve?

A

Palatoglossus muscle

64
Q

Which cranial nerves have nucleus ambiguous?

A

CN IX, X, XI

65
Q

Runs in Jugular formanen?

A

9, 10, 11

66
Q

What muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

A

SCM

Trapezius

67
Q

Nasopalatine nerve is a branch of the following nerve?

A

maxillary nerve

68
Q

Which cranial nerve is giving motor supply to anterior belly of digastric muscle?

A

mandibular nerve

69
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve exit the cranium?

A

foramen ovale

70
Q

Which nerve gives motor nerve supply to anterior belly of digastric?

A

mandibular nerve

71
Q

General sensation from the tongue is supplied by?

A

lingual branch of mandibular nerve - anterior 2/3

72
Q

Chorda tempani nerve, branch of facial nerve, carries

A

taste fibers: to anterior 2/3 of tongue

73
Q

Lingual nerve, branch of mandibular nerve, carries

A

general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

74
Q

What is the location of the abducens nucleus?

A

pons

75
Q

What muscle is innervated by abducens nerve?

A

Lateral rectus muscle

76
Q

What ganglion is paired with facial nerve?

A

genicular ganglion

77
Q

Where does the facial nerve enter?

A

internal auditory meatus

78
Q

Where does the facial nerve terminate?

A

enters parotid gland & forms parotid plexus

79
Q

Which muscle of the neck is innervated by cervical branch of facial nerve?

A

platysma

80
Q

Chorda tympani nerve

A

carries taste/special sensations to anterior 2/3 of tongue

81
Q

Spiral ganglion

A

Trochlear nerve

82
Q

Spiral ganglion of cochlear

A

internal ear

83
Q

What are the two cranial nerves running through internal auditory meatus?

A

facial

vestibulocochlear

84
Q

What is the motor nucleus of glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

nucleus ambiguous

85
Q

Facial nerve

A

genicular gangion

86
Q

Spinal ganglion

A

cochlear part of Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

87
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

supplies posterior 1/3 of tongue

88
Q

All muscles of pharynx, larynx, palate are supplied by

A

Vagus nerve (X) - motor supply