Exam 1 Part 7 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Exam 1 Part 7 Deck (61)
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1
Q

The invasion of the host by a pathogen is known as what?

A

infection

2
Q

What results if the invading pathogen alters normal body functions (aka morbidity)?

A

disease

3
Q

What is the term for a microorganism’s ability to cause disease?

A

pathogenicity

4
Q

What is the term for how easy it is for an organism to cause disease?

A

virulence

5
Q

What is the term for the degree of pathogenicity?

A

virulence

6
Q

What is the term for the ability of a substance to stimulate the production of antibodies or cell-mediated immune responses?

A

antigenicity

7
Q

T/F: signs are characteristics of disease felt only by the patient.

A

False; these are symptoms.

8
Q

T/F: signs are manifestations of disease observed or measured by others.

A

True

9
Q

T/F: signs are objective and symptoms are subjective

A

true

10
Q

What is the term for a group of symptoms and signs that characterize a disease or abnormal condition?

A

syndrome

11
Q

T/F: pain, chills, lethargy and itching are all signs.

A

False; these are symptoms

12
Q

T/F: anemia, diarrhea, fever and swelling are all signs.

A

true

13
Q

carcino-

A

cancer

14
Q

col-, colo-

A

colon

15
Q

dermato-

A

skin

16
Q

-emia

A

pertaining to blood

17
Q

endo-

A

inside

18
Q

-gen, gen-

A

give rise to

19
Q

hepat-

A

liver

20
Q

idio-

A

unknown

21
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

22
Q

-oma

A

tumor or swelling

23
Q

-osis

A

condition of

24
Q

-patho, patho-

A

abnormal

25
Q

septi-

A

literally, rotting; refers to presence of pathogens

26
Q

terato-

A

defects

27
Q

tox-

A

poison

28
Q

What are the three parts of the triad/triangle of health?

A

host, agent, and environment

29
Q

When the 3 parts of the triad of health are in balance, what results? when they are out of balance?

A

health; disease

30
Q

Adhesion factors, biofilms, extracellular enzymes, toxins, and anitphagocytic factors are all what?

A

virulence factors-contribute to virulence

31
Q

T/F: if a microorganism is unable to make attachment proteins it is avirulent.

A

true

32
Q

What is formed when bacterial pathogens attach to each other?

A

biofilm

33
Q

What secretes extracellular enzymes that dissolve structural chemicals in the body?

A

pathogens

34
Q

What is the term for chemicals that harm tissues or trigger host immune responses that cause damage?

A

toxins

35
Q

What are the two types of toxins mentioned in class that affect the virulence of infectious agents?

A

exotoxins and endotoxins

36
Q

T/F: cytotoxins, neurotoxins, and enterotoxins are all endotoxins.

A

False; these are exotoxins

37
Q

What is an example of Endotoxins mentioned in class?

A

lipid A

38
Q

What prevents phagocytosis of infectious agents by the host’s phagocytic cells?

A

antiphagocytic factors

39
Q

What stage is between infection and the first signs/symptoms?

A

incubation period

40
Q

What stage is a short period of generalized, mild symptoms?

A

Prodromal period

41
Q

What stage is the most severe stage where signs/symptoms are most evident?

A

illness

42
Q

What stage is considered the immune response or treatment to vanquish pathogens where the body slowly returns to normal?

A

decline

43
Q

At what stage of infectious disease does the patient recover from illness, tissues get repaired, and the body returns to normal?

A

convalescence

44
Q

What has a longer incubation period, cholera or influenza?

A

cholera

45
Q

What has a longer incubation period, Tetanus or AIDS?

A

AIDS

46
Q

T/F: earwax is considered a portal of exit.

A

True

47
Q

T/F: breastmilk is sterile and therefore is not a portal of exit

A

false

48
Q

Are fomites more involved in direct or indirect contact modes of transmission?

A

indirect

49
Q

Waterborne, foodborne, fecal-oral, and bodily fluids are all what mode of transmission?

A

vehicle transmission

50
Q

What are the two types of vector transmission?

A

biological or mechanical

51
Q

T/F: parenteral transmission is the mode of transmission from mother to baby.

A

False; perinatal is the mode of transmission from mother to baby

52
Q

What are the 5 modes of transmission?

A

contact, vehicle, vector, airborne, and perinatal

53
Q

What are arthropod vectors?

A

animals that carry pathogens

54
Q

T/F: biological vectors only carry the pathogen.

A

False; biological vectors serve as host for pathogen

55
Q

T/F: biological vectors only carry the pathogen.

A

False; mechanical vectors only carry the pathogen.

56
Q

What two classes of arthropod do disease vectors belong to?

A

arachnids and insects

57
Q

What are the only arachnids that can be vectors?

A

ticks and mites

58
Q

T/F: spiders are arachnid vectors.

A

False

59
Q

What are the most important arachnid vectors?

A

ticks

60
Q

What are the most important insect vectors?

A

mosquitoes

61
Q

What are the most important and common of all vectors?

A

mosquitoes