Exam 1 skin physiology Flashcards
What is the critical factor of cutaneous blood flow?
arterio-venous anastomoses
What controls cutaneous blood flow?
the sympathetic nervous system
What neurotransmitter do preganglionic sympathetic nerves release?
acetylcholine
Where kind of receptor does acetylcholine interact with?
nicotinic receptor
What neurotransmitter does the postganglionic nerve release to constrict blood vessels? What does it do to blood vessels at alpha-1 receptors?
norepinephrine, interact with G-coupled protein receptor
What neurotransmitter is released to vasodilate blood vessels?
acetylcholine; interacts with GCPR to make and NO
What causes the pain you feel when your hands are cold?
reperfusion of the tissues
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Eccrine (temp regulation) Apocrine (stressful)
How is sweat gland secretion controlled?
Temp regulators in hypothalamus affecting sympathetic nervous system, eventually releasing acetylcholine to activate muscarinic receptors to increase sweating.
What neurotransmitter activates alpha and beta receptors of apocrine sweat glands?
norepinephrine
What pumps are involved in sweat gland secretion
NKCC (bringing K, Na, Ca into cell from inside of body), CLCA (push Cl out into lumen) CFTR (chloride antiporter to push Cl out into lumen and transport back in)
What drugs can suppress sweating?
Atropine, furosemide, botulinum toxin, propranolol (beta blocker)
What protein channel is defective in cystic fibrosis?
CFTR
Explain full mechanism of sweating
acetylcholine activates muscarinic receptors, activates NKCC transporter to provide chloride for secretion, Na and H2O follow Cl down electrochemical gradient/osmosis, Na and Cl are reabsorbed by the CFTR
What sets up the electrochemical gradient of Na in sweat gland cells?
Na/K pump, you fifth grader
