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Neuroanatomy > Exam #2: Cranial Nerves III > Flashcards

Exam #2: Cranial Nerves III Flashcards

1
Q

Generally, what are the two functions of CN V?

A

1) Sensory innervation of the face

2) Motor innervation to the muscles of mastication

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2
Q

What are the functional components of the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

1) GSA= touch, pressure, pain, temp
2) GP
3) SVE

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3
Q

What is special about the motor innervation of CN V?

A

1st CN to provide “branchioMOTOR” innervation i.e. innervation to muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches

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4
Q

List the muscles of mastication.

A

Temproalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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5
Q

In addition to the muscles of mastication, what other muscles does the Trigeminal Nerve innervate?

A

Mylohyoid
Digastric*
Tensor Tympani
Tensor veli palatini

*Only the anterior belly

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6
Q

What is unique about the trigemintal nerve?

A

It is the only CN to carry PNS “hitch-hikers”

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7
Q

What are the four PNS hitch-hikers that the trigeminal nerve carries?

A

1) Ciliary ganglion
2) Pterygopalatine ganglion
3) Submandibular ganglion
4) Otic ganglion

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8
Q

What ganglion is associated with V1? What nerve are the pre-synaptic fibers of this ganglion from? Where are they going?

A
  • Ciliary ganglion
  • Oculomotor nerve
  • PNS to Sphincter pupillae & ciliary m.
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9
Q

What ganglion is associated with V2? What nerve are the pre-synaptic fibers of this ganglion from?

A
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion
  • Facial nerve
  • PNS to Lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands
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10
Q

What ganglia are associated with V3? What nerves are the pre-synaptic fibers of these ganglia from?

A
  • Submandibular ganglion
  • Facial nerve
  • PNS to Sublingual & submandibular glands
  • Otic ganglion
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • PNS to Parotid gland
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11
Q

What is the SNS hitch-hiker carried by the trigeminal nerve?

A

SNS innervation to the dilator pupillae m. is carried by V1

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12
Q

Which branch of CN V has BOTH motor and sensory innervation?

A

V.3 (mandibular)

V.1 & V.2 are SENOSRY only

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13
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge?

A

Lateral pons

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14
Q

What is the swelling of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Trigeminal ganglion i.e. a DRG of the head

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15
Q

Looking from a dorsal view of the skull, list the branches of the trigeminal nerve from medial to lateral.

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary, & mandibular

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16
Q

What sinus does the trigeminal nerve traverse?

A

Cavernous

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17
Q

What foramen does the Ophthalmic division of CN V exit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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18
Q

What foramen does the Maxillary division of CN V exit?

A

Rotundum

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19
Q

What foramen does the Mandibular division of CN V exit?

A

Ovale

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20
Q

What are the four nuclei associated with the trigeminal nerve?

A

1) Motor nucleus
2) Mesencephalic nucleus
3) Main/ Principal Sensory nucleus
4) Spinal nucleus

21
Q

What is the function of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Cell bodies of LMN that form the motor root of V.3 to innervate the muscles of mastication

22
Q

What is the function of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

General proprioception (muscles of mastication)

*Contains the cell bodies of PSEUDOUNIPOLAR neurons

23
Q

What is the function of the main/principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Discriminative touch
  • Sensation from the face
  • Proprioception of the EOM & TMJ
24
Q

What is the function of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Nociception

Temperature

25
Q

What is the only nerve to have a pain nucleus?

A

Trigeminal nucleus

26
Q

What other nerves send pain fibers of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

VII
IX
X

27
Q

What are the four tracts of the trigemninal nerve?

A

1) Spinal tract of trigeminal
2) Ventral trigeminal lemniscus
3) Dorsal trigeminal lemniscus
4) Trigeminoreticular fibers

28
Q

What is the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve?

A

This is an s sensory tract that merges with Lissauer’s Tract in the upper cervical spinal cord
- Paradoxically, axons descend from the pons to medulla or C1/C2 to terminate in the spinal nucleus of trigeminal

29
Q

What is the function of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Pain
  • Temperature
  • Tactile sensation
30
Q

What is the ventral trigeminal lemniscus?

A

This is the tract that ascends from the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal to the VPM nucleus of the thalamus

31
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal lemniscus?

A
  • Pain
  • Temperature
  • Tactile sensation
32
Q

What is the ventral trigeminal lemniscus similar to?

A

Spinothalamic tract of the anterolateral system

33
Q

What is the dorsal trigeminal lemniscus?

A

This is the tract from the main sensory nucleus of V to the VPM nucleus of the thalamus

34
Q

What is the function of the dorsal trigeminal lemniscus?

A
  • Fine discriminative touch

- Proprioception

35
Q

What is the dorsal trigeminal lemniscus similar to?

A

DC/ML pathway

36
Q

Where does the VPM nucleus of the thalamus project?

A

Postcentral gyrus

37
Q

Outline the pathway for DISCRIMINATORY TOUCH & PRESSURE sensation from the orofacial region.

A

1) 1st order= trigeminal ganglion
2) 2nd order= main sensory nucleus of V
3) Axons join DORSAL TRIGEMINAL LEMNISCUS
4) VPM of the thalamus
5) Postcentral Gyrus

38
Q

Outline the pathway for PAIN & TEMPERATURE sensation from the orofacial region.

A

1) 1st order= Trigeminal ganglion
2) Axons descend the spinal tract of V to spinal nucleus
3) 2nd order= spinal nucleus of V
4) Axons join the VENTRAL TRIGEMINAL LEMNISCUS
5) 3rd order= VMP of thalamus
- And cingulate/ insular cortices (emotional component of pain)
6) Postcentral gyrus

39
Q

Outline the GENERAL PROPRIOCEPTION PATHWAY of the trigeminal nerve.

A

1st order= mesencephalic nucleus

Central processes=

1) Main sensory nucleus of V
2) Motor nucleus of V

**This arrangement results in REFLEX movement of the jaw

40
Q

What is the role of the trigeminal nerve in the corneal blink reflex?

A

Afferent limb

41
Q

What happens if there is damage to V.1 (Ophthalmic division)?

A
  • Reduced sensation to V.1 zone (upper 1/3)

- Inhibits corneal blink reflex

42
Q

What happens if there is damage to V.2 (Maxillary division)?

A

Reduced or inhibited sensation to V.2 zone

43
Q

What happens if there is damage to V.3 (Mandibular division)?

A
  • Reduced or inhibited sensation to V.3 zone
  • Paralysis to muscles of mastication

*****Jaw will deviate TO side of LESION

44
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Sharp, intermittent, excruciating pain to one side of the face that is caused by:

1) Demyelination of CN V
2) Vascular formations that impinge on CN V (resulting in demyelination) –specifically, SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY

45
Q

Why does demyelination of CN V result in pain?

A

Ephatic transmission of nerve impulses i.e. “short-circuiting” & cross talk

46
Q

What is the result of a lesion to the spinal tract of V?

A

Loss of pain & temperature sensation from the IPSILATERAL side of the face
- Diminution of tactile sense (main sensory is still intact)

47
Q

What is the result of a lesion to the ventral V lemniscus?

A

Loss of pain & temperature sensation from the CONTRALATERAL side of the face
- Diminution of tactile sense (main sensory is still intact)

48
Q

What is the result of a lesion to the dorsal V lemniscus?

A

Diminution of tactile sense from the IPSILATERAL side of the face

Neuroanatomy (36 decks)

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