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Bio Of Behavior Exam 2 > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Rostral

A

Toward the beak / front

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2
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail / back

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the beak / front

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4
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the tail/ back

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5
Q

Dorsal (body)

A

Toward the back

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6
Q

Ventral (body)

A

Toward the belly

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7
Q

Dorsal (human head)

A

Toward the top

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8
Q

Ventral (human head)

A

Toward the bottom

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9
Q

Caudal/posterior(human head)

A

Toward the back of the head

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10
Q

Rostral/anterior(human head)

A

Toward the face/front of the head

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the middle

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12
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle

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13
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

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14
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side

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15
Q

Dorsal view of brain

A

Top

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16
Q

Lateral view of brain

A

Side

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17
Q

Ventral view of brain

A

Bottom

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18
Q

Sagittarius cut

A

Down the midline/corpus collasum

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19
Q

Horizontal cut of brain

A

Hamburger bun

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20
Q

Transverse/coronal cut of brain

A

Loaf of bread

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21
Q

Meninges

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • subarachnoid pace (filled with CSF)
  • arachnoid trabeculae
  • pia mater
  • surface of brain
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22
Q

Functions of CSF

A

Relieves pressure on base of brain

Protects against shock

Circulates nutrients and chemicals filtered from blood

Removes waste products from brain

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23
Q

Where is CSF found in the brain?

A

Ventricles

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24
Q

What makes CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

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25
Q

4 ventricles (rostral-caudal)

A

Lateral
Third
Cerebral aqueduct
Fourth

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26
Q

When does the neural tube develop?

A

Neural tube fuses by 28 days post conception

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27
Q

First brain structures to develop after the neural tube fuses?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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28
Q

Progenitor cells

A

Cells that divide and give rise to cells of the central nervous system
Stem cells of brain

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29
Q

Where are progenitor cells located in the nervous system?

A

Ventricular zone

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30
Q

Ventricular zone

A

Layer of cells that line the inside of the neural tube that contains progenitor cells

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31
Q

Symmetrical division

A

Division into 2 identical progenitor cells

Increases the side of the ventricular zone and brain that develops from it

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32
Q

Asymmetrical division

A

Division gives rise to progenitor cell and a neuron which migrates away from the ventricular zone

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33
Q

Radial glia

A

Special glia with fiber that grow outward from the ventricular zone to the surface of the cortex
Provides guidance for neurons migrating outward during brain development

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34
Q

Apoptosis

A

Death of a cell caused by a chemical signal that activates a genetic mechanism inside the cell

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35
Q

Neurogenisis

A

Making new neurons

Limited in adulthood

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36
Q

Location of primary motor cortex

A

Precentral gurus

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37
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex location

A

Postcentral gurus

38
Q

Parts of be limbic system

A

Hippocampus

Amygdala

39
Q

Hippocampus

A

Learning and memory

40
Q

Amygdala

A

Fear and emotions

41
Q

Parts of the basal ganglia

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

42
Q

Disorders associated with basal ganglia

A

Parkinson’s
Huntingtons
Dystonia

43
Q

Neuraxis

A

Imaginary line from bottom of the spinal cord to the front of the forebrain

44
Q

Thalamus functions

A

Relay/hub for almost all sensory information to and from the cerebral cortex (accept olfaction/smell)

45
Q

Hypothalamus functions

A

Regulation of homeostatic/autonomic functions

Fighting, fleeing,feeding, fornication

Connects directly to pituitary gland

46
Q

Dorsal part of the spine carries…

A

Sensory information.

47
Q

Ventral part of the spine carries…

A

Motor information

48
Q

Parts of the peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

Autonomic nervous system

49
Q

Sympathetic NS involved in…

A

Fight or flight

50
Q

Parasympathetic NS involved in…

A

Rest and digest

51
Q

Site of action

A

Location at which molecules of drugs interact with cells of the body

52
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Movement of drugs

53
Q

Intravenous injection

A

Directly into vein (IV)

54
Q

Intraperitoneal injection

A

Into the peritoneal cavity-space that surrounds the stomach, intestines, liver, and other abdominal organs (IP)

55
Q

Subcutaneous injection

A

Into the space beneath the skin (SC)

56
Q

Intramuscular injection

A

Into the muscle (IM)

57
Q

form of drug administration with fastest results?

A

Intravenous

58
Q

Therapeutic index

A

Ratio between the dose that produces the desired effect in 50 percent of the animals and the dose that produces toxic effects in 50 percent of the animals

59
Q

Sensitization

A

Increase in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered repeatedly

60
Q

Tolerance

A

Decrease in the effectiveness of a drug that is administer repeatedly

61
Q

Withdrawal symptoms

A

Symptoms opposite to those produced by a drug when the drug is administered repeatedly and then suddenly no longer taken

62
Q

Antagonist drugs

A

Drug that opposed or inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell

63
Q

Agonist

A

Drugs that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell

64
Q

Acetylcholine agonist drugs

A

Black widow spider venom

Nicotine

Muscarine

65
Q

Acetylcholine antagonist drugs

A

Botox

Atropine

66
Q

Acetylcholine related diseases

A

Myasthenia gravis

67
Q

Dopamine agonist drugs

A

L-DOPA

Cocaine

Amphetamines

68
Q

Dopamine antagonist drugs

A

Reserpine

Chlorpromazine

69
Q

Dopamine related diseases

A

Parkinson’s disease

Schizophrenia

70
Q

Serotonin agonist drugs

A

Prozac

LSD

MDMA

71
Q

Serotonin antagonist drugs

A

PCPA

72
Q

Serotonin related diseases

A

Mood affective disorder

OCD

73
Q

Glutamate antagonist drugs

A

PCP

74
Q

Glutamate related diseases

A

Stroke, spinal cord injury, or TBI

*nervous system damage

75
Q

Gamma-amino butyric acid agonist drugs

A

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

76
Q

Gamma-amino butyric acid antagonist drugs

A

Allyglycine

Bicuculline

Picrotoxin

77
Q

Gamma-amino butyric acid related diseases

A

Seizures

Anxiety disorders

78
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A

Executive planning

Control muscles

79
Q

Parietal lobe functions

A

Touch

80
Q

Temporal lobe functions

A

Hearing

81
Q

Occipital lobe functions

A

Vision

82
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Balance

83
Q

Pons functions

A

Wakefulness

84
Q

Medulla oblongata functions

A

Vomiting

Sneezing

Caughing

85
Q

Peptides naturally found in NS

A

Enkephalin

86
Q

Peptide drug example

A

Naloxone

87
Q

Lipids naturally found in NS

A

Endocannabinoid

88
Q

Lipid drug example

A

Anandamide

89
Q

Nucleosides naturally found in NS

A

Adenosine

90
Q

Nucleosides drug example

A

Caffeine

91
Q

Soluble gas naturally found in NS

A

Nitric oxide

Carbon monoxide

92
Q

Soluble gas drug example

A

Viagra

Bio Of Behavior Exam 2 (4 decks)

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