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PNS -- Torgerud > Exam 2: Unit V: Spinal Nerves, Cervical Plexus > Flashcards

Exam 2: Unit V: Spinal Nerves, Cervical Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there and their categories?

A

31 pairs

  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
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2
Q

How are the spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord?

A
  • Anterior (ventral or motor) rootlets (roots)

- Posterior (dorsal or sensory) rootlets (roots)

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3
Q

What are the other names for the anterior rootlets?

A

ventral or motor

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4
Q

What are the other names for the posterior rootlets?

A

dorsal or sensory

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5
Q

What type of spinal nerves are the axons carried in that cell bodies reside in the CNS?

A

located in anterior (ventral) or lateral (if present) horns

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6
Q

How do the anterior roots attach to the spinal cord?

A

by a series of rootlets

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7
Q

Where are the cell bodies located for the axons carried in the posterior (dorsal or sensory) roots?

A

in the PNS in DRG (or posterior root ganglion or spinal ganglion)

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8
Q

How do the psoterior roots attached to the spinal cord?

A

separates into a number of rootlets that attach to the cord at the posterolateral sulcus

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9
Q

Where are spinal ganglion typically located?

A

inside or just medial to intervertebral foramen, beyond the dura mater (therefore covered by epinerium)
(3 exceptions)

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10
Q

What are the three exceptions to the statement that spinal ganglion are typically located inside or just medial to IVF, beyond dura mater?

A
  1. C1 and C2 ganglia are located on their respective vertebral arches
  2. Sacral ganglion located w/in vertebral canal and beyond dura
  3. Coccygeal loacted inside dura mater w/in vertebral canal
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11
Q

Where are C1 and C2 ganglia located?

A

on their respective vertebral arches

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12
Q

Where are sacral ganglion located?

A

WITHIN the vertebral canal, but still beyond the dura

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13
Q

Where are coccygeal ganglion located?

A

INSIDE the dura mater WITHIN the vertebral canal

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14
Q

What do the anterior and posterior rootlets combine and form?

A

a mixed spinal nerve

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15
Q

Shortly after the rootlets form a mixed spinal nerve, what branch is given off?

A

meningeal (or recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral) branch

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16
Q

What type of fibers does the meningeal (recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral) branch carry?

A

postganglionic sympathetics and somatosensory

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17
Q

T/F. Meningeal (recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral) branches are present at ALL spinal levels.

A

True

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18
Q

How do the meningeal nerves re-enter the vertebral canal? Then what happens?

A

re-enter via IVF

divide into ascending, descending, and transverse branches

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19
Q

What does the meningeal nerve provide somatosensory and post. gang. sympathetics to?

A
  • dura
  • blood vessels
  • periosteum (vertebral end plates)
  • ligaments
  • IVDs**
    in ant. and lateral portions of canal
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20
Q

What does the mixed spinal nerve divide into?

A

two (primary) rami

  1. Posterior (dorsal) primary rami
  2. Anterior (ventral) primary rami
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21
Q

T/F. The anterior primary rami splits into a lateral and medial branch.

A

False–the POSTERIOR primary rami does

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22
Q

What does the posterior primary rami split into? Is there an exception?

A

lateral and medial branches (EXCEPT C1)

23
Q

T/F. The posterior primary rami is smaller than the anterior primary rami in all cases.

A

False– yes posterior primary rami is usually smaller, except C1, S4, and S5

24
Q

What are the exceptions to the posterior primary rami being smaller than the anterior primary rami?

A

C1, S4. S5

25
Q

What is the exception, where the posterior primary rami does not split into a lateral and a medial branch?

A

C1

26
Q

What does the posterior primary rami have motor supply to? What about sensory innervation?

A

motor–> deep back muscles

sensory–> skin on either side of spine

27
Q

What does the anterior primary rami have motor supply to?

A
  • anterior and lateral trunk muscles

- skeletal muscles in extremities

28
Q

What does the anterior primary rami have sensory supply to?

A
  • skin of extremities

- skin of anterior and lateral trunk

29
Q

Does the posterior and anterior primary rami contribute to the great plexuses?

A

anterior primary rami do

30
Q

Where are the sympathetic chain communications located?

A

either at or just medial to the bifurcation of the mixed spinal nerve

31
Q

What type types of communicans does the sympathetic chain consist of?

A
  • white ramus communicans

- gray ramus communicans

32
Q

What type of axons does the white ramus communicans carry?

A

myelinated axons that are preganglionic sympathetic fibers

33
Q

T/F. The anterior primary ramus communicated with the sympathetic chain

A

true

34
Q

What type of axons does the gray ramus communicans carry?

A

unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons

35
Q

Where are the cell bodies located located for the white ramus communicans?

A

lateral horn cells at cord levels T1-L2/L3

ass. with sympathetics ONLY–>therefore cannot be found at S2,S3,S4

36
Q

What are the type options for the preganglionic sympathetic fibers when they enter the sympathetic chain?

A
  1. synapse

2. go through and be carried in Splanchnic Nerves (Greater, Lesser, or Least)

37
Q

What type of fibers do Greater, Lesser, and Least Splanchnic nerves carry?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

38
Q

What nerve levels are white ramus communicans ONLY associated with?

A

T1-L2

39
Q

What nerve levels are gray ramus communicans ass. with?

A

each spinal nerve!!!!

40
Q

Where are the cell bodies located of the gray ramus communicans? Where are these axons going?

A

sympathetic chain; go to spinal nerve

41
Q

What are the cervical posterior rami?

A

C1 (suboccipital nerve)
C2 (splits into medial and lateral branches)
C3 (splits into medial and lateral branches)
C4-C8 (splits into medial and lateral branches)

42
Q

T/F. It holds true that from C2-C8 of the cervical posterior rami will split into a medial branch carrying sensory and a lateral branch carrying motor.

A

True

43
Q

T/F. All of the cervical posterior rami split into a medial and lateral branch.

A

False- C1 does NOT split

44
Q

What is another name for the cervical posterior rami of C1?

A

suboccipital nerve

45
Q

What cutaneous supply does C1 posterior ramus carry?

A

none– it only has motor supply (therefore NOT ass. with cutaneous or dermatome level)

46
Q

What does C1 posterior ramus have motor supply to?

A

Suboccipital muscles

  • Rectus capitus posterior major and minor
  • Obliquus capitis superior and inferior
  • Semispinalis capitis
47
Q

What does C2 posterior ramus’ medial branch supply?

A

sensory to posterior neck and scalp

call Greater occipital nerve

48
Q

What is another name for the medial branch of C2 posterior ramus?

A

Greater occiptial nerve

49
Q

What does the lateral branch of C2 posterior ramus supply?

A

motor to:

  • semispinalis capitis
  • longissimus capitis
  • splenius capitis

(same as C3’s lateral branch)

50
Q

What is another name for the medial branch of C3 posterior ramus?

A

least (third) occipital nerve

51
Q

What does the medial branch of C3 posterior ramus supply?

A

sensory for skin of posterior neck

52
Q

What does the lateral branch of C3 posterior ramus supply?

A

(Same as C2)–Motor to:

  • semispinalis capitis
  • longissimus capitis
  • splenius capitis
53
Q

What does the medial branch of the C4-C8 posterior ramus supply?

A

sensory of skin over posterior neck (same as C3)

54
Q

What does the lateral branch of the C4-C8 posterior ramus supply?

A

motor to:

  • iliocostalis cervicis
  • longissimus cervicis
  • capitis

PNS -- Torgerud (17 decks)

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