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Pathology 2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

0
Q 
Your patient describes they have developed a “cold sore.” Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
A.  Cigarette smoke 
B.  Human papillomavirus 
C.  Herpes simplex virus 
D.  L-DOPA
A

C. Herpes Simplex Virus

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1
Q

Which of the following is commonly referred to as a “canker sore”? A. HSV-1 infection
B. HSV-2 infection
C. Oral candidiasis
D. Aphthous ulcer

A

D. Aphthous ulcer

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2
Q 
Which of the following is most likely to develop on the buccal mucosa, along the bite line, following chronic irritation?
A.  Aphthous ulcer 
B.  Hairy leukoplakia 
C.  Fibroma 
D.  Pyogenic granuloma
A

C. Fibroma

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3
Q

The prognosis for patients with HPV-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma is _______ than those with HPV-negative tumors.
A. Better
B. Worse

A

A. Better

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4
Q 
Squamous cell carcinoma located near the base of the tongue is associated with a\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ infection.
A.  Human papillomavirus 
B.  Helicobacter pylori 
C.  Staphylococcus aureus
D.  Parotid sialadenitis
A

A. Human papillomavirus

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5
Q 
Which percent of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas?
A.  1% 
B.  5% 
C.  50% 
D.  95%
A

D. 95%

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6
Q 
Xerostomia is most common among \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Infants 
B.  Adolescents 
C.  Young adults 
D.  Older adults
A

D. Older adults

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7
Q 
The most common tumor of the parotid gland is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Squamous cell carcinoma 
B.  Xerostomia  
C.  Pleomorphic adenoma
D.  Retinoblastoma
A

C. Pleomorphic adenoma

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8
Q 
Which of the following is not involved with the triad of achalasia?
A.  Incomplete LES relaxation 
B.  Increases LES tone 
C.  Esophageal aperistalsis 
D.  Reduced bolus production
A

D. Reduced bolus production

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9
Q 
Esophageal varices are strongly associated with which of the following?
A.  Atresia 
B.  AIDS 
C.  Cirrhosis 
D.  GERD
A

C. Cirrhosis

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10
Q 
Esophageal varices develop in \_\_\_\_ of cirrhotic patients.
A.  10% 
B.  25% 
C.  75% 
D.  90%
A

D. 90%

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11
Q 
Barrett esophagus is associated with an increased risk of developing an esophageal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Ulceration 
B.  Adenocarcinoma 
C.  Squamous cell carcinoma 
D.  Hamartoma
A

C. Squamous cell carcinoma

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12
Q 
Squamous cell carcinoma is most likely to develop at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Distal 1/3 of the esophagus 
B.  Middle 1/3 of the esophagus 
C.  Proximal 1/3 of the esophagus 
D.  Esophagogastric junction
A

B. Middle 1/3 of the esophagus

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13
Q 
Peptic ulcers are most commonly located in the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Stomach 
B.  Ileum 
C.  Jejunum 
D.  Duodenum
A

D. Duodenum

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14
Q 
Peptic ulcer disease is most commonly associated with H. pylori infection or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Epstein-Barr virus infection 
B.  Use of NSAIDs 
C.  Use of corticosteroids 
D.  Human papillomavirus infection
A

B. Use of NSAIDs

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15
Q

The frequency of hyperplastic polyp dysplasia is ____________ correlated with size.
A. Positively
B. Negatively

A

A. Positively

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16
Q 
Telescoping of the proximal bowel into the distal segment is a form of intestinal obstruction termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Intussusception 
B.  Herniation 
C.  Volvulus 
D.  Fecal impaction
A

A. Intussusception

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17
Q 
Hirschsprung disease is more common among \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and more severe among \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  Males, males 
B.  Males, females 
C.  Females, males 
D.  Females, females
A

B. Males, females

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18
Q 
Typically, patients with Hirschsprung disease are diagnosed as neonates that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Have dystonia 
B.  Have cyanosis 
C.  Have diarrhea 
D.  Fail to pass meconium
A

D. Fail to pass meconium

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19
Q 
Which of the following is most likely to cause ischemic bowel disease?
A.  Barrett esophagus 
B.  Severe mesenteric atherosclerosis 
C.  Peptic ulcer disease 
D.  Psychological stress
A

B. Severe mesenteric atherosclerosis

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20
Q 
Which pathology is most likely to mimic acute appendicitis?
A.  Hemorrhoids 
B.  Abdominal hernia 
C.  Ischemic bowel disease 
D.  Angiodysplasia
A

D. Angiodysplasia

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21
Q 
The most common malabsorptive disorders in the U.S. are celiac disease, Crohn disease, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Meckel diverticulum 
B.  Hirschsprung disease 
C.  Pancreatic insufficiency 
D.  Environmental enteropathy
A

C. Pancreatic insufficiency

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22
Q 
Celiac disease involves intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Angiodysplasia 
B.  Abdominal pain 
C.  Vascular transudate 
D.  Villous atrophy
A

D. Villous atrophy

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23
Q 
Environmental enteropathy is most likely to affect which population?
A.  Children 
B.  Adolescents 
C.  Young adults 
D.  Older adults
A

A. Children

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24
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) commonly affects females between 20 and 40 years of age and manifests with gross inflammatory changes in the colon.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

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25
Q 
Which of the following is associated with abnormal chloride ion secretion and muscle cramping?
A.  Rotavirus 
B.  Campylobacter jejuni 
C.  Shigella spp. 
D.  Vibrio cholerae
A

D. Vibrio cholerae

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26
Q 
Which microbe is common in hospital settings and may cause pseudomembranous colitis?
A.  Escherichia coli 
B.  Rotavirus 
C.  Clostridium difficile 
D.  Campylobacter jejuni
A

C. Clostridium dificile

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27
Q 
Typhoid fever is caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and is most common in children, travelers, and individuals living in developed countries.
A.  Campylobacter jejuni 
B.  Giardia lamblia 
C.  Clostridium difficile 
D.  Salmonella typhi
A

D. Salmonella typhi

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28
Q 
Which of the following is the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhea?
A.  Rotavirus 
B.  Giardia lamblia 
C.  Salmonella typhi 
D.  Norovirus
A

A. Rotavirus

29
Q 
Which of the following is the most common pathogenic parasitic infection within humans?
A.  Campylobacter jejuni 
B.  Giardia lamblia 
C.  Clostridium difficile 
D.  Salmonella typhi
A

B. Giardia lamblia

30
Q 
Which of the following is spread via contaminated fecal material and is resistant to chlorine?
A.  Giardia lamblia 
B.  Salmonella typhi 
C.  Sigmoidious coloni 
D.  Campylobacter jejuni
A

A. Giardia lamblia

31
Q 
Most colonic diverticula are located in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Cecum 
B.  Ascending colon 
C.  Descending colon 
D.  Sigmoid colon
A

D. Sigmoid colon

32
Q 
Which form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily affects the distal colorectal region?
A.  Crohn disease 
B.  Rotavirus infection 
C.  Ulcerative colitis 
D.  Spastic bowel disease
A

C. Ulcerative colitis

33
Q 
Which of the following conditions involves skip lesions and transmural inflammation?
A.  Irritable bowel syndrome 
B.  Crohn disease 
C.  Ulcerative colitis 
D.  Acute peptic ulcerations
A

B. Crohn’s disease

34
Q 
Diverticulosis affects approximately \_\_\_\_\_ of individuals older than 60 years of age.
A.  5% 
B.  25% 
C.  50% 
D.  90%
A

C. 50%

35
Q 
Which of the following is most likely to demonstrate epithelial dysplasia?
A.  Hamartomas 
B.  Adenomas 
C.  Hyperplastic polyps 
D.  Inflammatory polyps
A

B. Adenomas

36
Q 
Consumption of fiber-rich foods and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are protective effect against adenocarcinoma development.
A.  Acting your age 
B.  Adenomatous polyps 
C.  Living in the U.S. 
D.  Aspirin
A

D. Aspirin

37
Q 
Colorectal adenocarcinoma is responsible for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of all cancer-related deaths in the United States.
A.  3% 
B.  15% 
C.  50% 
D.  95%
A

B. 15%

38
Q 
Adenocarcinoma of the colon is most likely to metastasize to which of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Lungs 
B.  Regional lymph nodes 
C.  Liver 
D.  Bone marrow
A

C. Liver (due to portal drainage)

39
Q 
Which cell type is responsible for the production of pulmonary surfactant?
A.  Type I pneumocyte 
B.  Type II pneumocyte 
C.  Alveolar macrophage 
D.  Pulmonary interstitium
A

B. Type II pneumocyte

40
Q 
Your 8-year-old male patient complains of an “weird” upper chest discomfort and difficulty breathing. His mother explains he recently chocked on a piece of apple. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A.  Resorption atelectasis 
B.  Compression atelectasis 
C.  Contraction atelectasis 
D.  ARDS
A

A. Resorption atelectasis

41
Q

Which pulmonary condition is life-threatening and results from diffuse alveolar capillary and epithelial damage?
A. Resorption atelectasis
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C. Bronchitis
D. ARDS

A

D. ARDS

42
Q 
Pulmonary disorders may be obstructive or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in nature.
A.  Necrotic 
B.  Restrictive 
C.  Fibrotic 
D.  Eosinophilic
A

B. Restrictive

43
Q 
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with the development of chronic bronchitis and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Bronchiectasis 
B.  Smoking 
C.  Lung cancer 
D.  Emphysema
A

D. Emphysema

44
Q 
Which of the following is associated with non-atopic asthma?
A.  Dust inhalation 
B.  Pollen inhalation 
C.  Viral infection 
D.  Eosinophilic inflammation
A

C. Viral infection

45
Q

Patients with a history of asthma are likely to demonstrate a(n) _________ in submucosal vasculature.
A. Increase
B. Decrease

A

A. Increase

46
Q 
Progressive hyperinflation of the lungs is a characteristic feature of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Bronchiectasis 
B.  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 
C.  Asthma 
D.  Compression atelectasis
A

C. Asthma

47
Q 
Which of the following is typically a benign disease that produces little loss in lung function?
A.  Chronic interstitial lung disease 
B.  Emphysema 
C.  Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis 
D.  Bronchiectasis
A

C. Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis

48
Q 
Inhalation of which material is most commonly associated with the development of silicosis?
A.  Coal dust 
B.  Asbestos 
C.  Quartz 
D.  Dolomite
A

C. Quartz

49
Q

Both serpentine and amphibole forms of asbestos are fibrogenic.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

50
Q 
African Americans have a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ times greater risk for developing sarcoidosis, compared to Caucasian Americans.
A.  2 
B.  3 
C.  10 
D.  100
A

C. 10

51
Q

Please select the 2 best answers for the following question.
Which 2 of the following are cardiac conditions that predispose an individual to secondary pulmonary hypertension?
A. Mitral valve stenosis
B. Deep vein thrombosis
C. Cystic fibrosis
D. Left-to-right ventricular septal defect

A

A. Mitral valve stenosis

D. Left-to-right ventricular septal defect

52
Q 
Which of the following is not associated with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome?
A.  Hemoptysis 
B.  Anemia 
C.  Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates 
D.  Pulmonary hypertension
A

D. Pulmonary hypertension

53
Q

Please select the 2 best answers for the following question.
Goodpasture syndrome involves which 2 of the following?
A. Lungs
B. Pancreas
C. Spleen
D. Kidneys

A

A. Lungs

D. Kidneys

54
Q 
Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for approximately \_\_\_\_ of lobar pneumonias.
A.  10% 
B.  20% 
C.  50% 
D.  90%
A

D. 90%

55
Q 
An infection with which of the following causes a community-acquired acute pneumonia and is characteristically associated with chronic alcoholism?
A.  Haemophilus influenzae 
B.  Staphylococcus aureus 
C.  Klebsiella pneumoniae 
D.  Legionella pneumophila
A

C. Klebsiella pneumoniae

56
Q

Pontiac fever is a self-limited upper respiratory tract infection that does not involve pulmonary symptoms.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

57
Q 
Pontiac fever is a self-limited upper respiratory tract infection that is commonly caused by which microorganism?
A.  Haemophilus influenzae 
B.  Staphylococcus aureus 
C.  Klebsiella pneumoniae 
D.  Legionella pneumophila
A

D. Legionella pneumophila

58
Q 
A lung abscess is most likely to develop in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ because this is the most likely region for aspirated material when an individual is recumbent.
A.  Apex of the right lower lobe 
B.  Apex of the left upper lobe 
C.  Apex of the right upper lobe 
D.  Bilateral lung apices
A

A. Apex of the right lower lobe

59
Q

Their majority of all individuals with primary tuberculosis will develop secondary tuberculosis.
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

<5%

60
Q 
Secondary tuberculosis primary causes destruction of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Superior lung 
B.  Spleen 
C.  Pulmonary pleura 
D.  Inferior lung
A

A. Superior lung

61
Q 
The most common location for extrapulmonary tuberculosis is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.  Pulmonary parenchyma 
B.  Bone marrow 
C.  Spleen 
D.  Cervical lymph nodes
A

D. Cervical lymph nodes

62
Q 
Which of the following is associated with an opportunistic infection that causes “fungus ball” to develop within the lungs?
A.  Candida albicans 
B.  Cytomegalovirus 
C.  Aspergillus 
D.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A

C. Aspergillus

63
Q

Which of the following responds is less responsive to chemotherapy?
A. Small cell lung cancer
B. Non-small cell lung cancer

A

B. Non-small cell lung cancer

64
Q

Please select the 2 best answers for the following question.
Cigarette smoking most strongly associated with ______________ and ___________.
A. Small cell lung cancer
B. Adenocarcinoma
C. Pulmonary hamartomas
D. Squamous cell carcinoma

A

A. Small cell lung cancer

D. Squamous cell carcinoma

65
Q 
Which tumor commonly develops in the apex of a lung and may invade cervical ganglia or the first 2 ribs?
A.  Carcinoid tumor 
B.  Aspergilloma 
C.  Sarcoidosis 
D.  Pancoast tumor
A

D. Pancoast tumor

66
Q 
Which of the following is most likely to have metastasized by the time it’s diagnoses?
A.  Pulmonary hamartoma 
B.  Small cell lung cancer 
C.  Spleen 
D.  Non-small cell lung cancer
A

??

67
Q 
Malignant mesothelioma commonly develops \_\_\_\_\_\_ following exposure to asbestos.
A.  5 years 
B.  10 years 
C.  20 years 
D.  30 years
A

D. 30 years

25-40 years

68
Q 
Which of the following is associated with plaque formation within the pulmonary pleura?
A.  Carcinoid 
B.  Mesothelioma 
C.  Tuberculosis 
D.  Laryngeal papilloma
A

B. Mesothelioma

69
Q 
Of all cancers of the larynx, approximately \_\_\_\_\_ are squamous cell carcinomas.
A.  5% 
B.  20% 
C.  80% 
D.  95%
A

D. 95%

Pathology 2 (4 decks)

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