ecological community
association of species that co-occur in the same location at the same time
mutalism
++
antagonism
+-
competition
- -
commensalism
0 +
amenalism
0 -
neutralism
0 0
competition defined
interaction between organism or species in which BOTH are HARMED
how is harm defined and what does it mean
fitness
the ability to produce offspring
interference competition
occurs directly bt indiv via aggression
exploitation competition
occurs indirectly through common limiting resource which acts as an intermediate
symmetric competition
each species experiences a roughly equal decrease in fitness
assymetric competition
one species suffers a greater fitness decline than another
intraspecific competition
members of the SAME species compete for limited resource
interspecific competition
individuals of diff species compete for the same resource
what does the graph look like for intraspecific competition
the final density low while biomass is high
initial density is high while biomass is low
isocline
system will run out of resources if there’s a certain # of each species
when k2 is above k1/a12 on the y axis, what does the graph look like
the species can coexist but it is unstable
when k1/a12 is above k2 on the y axis, what does the graph look like
species can coexist in a very stable manner
coexisting only happens when __________ competition is larger than ________ competition
intraspecies
interspecies
how does how a species change a niche
nest size
change in food
wanting to avoid competition
changing behavior
microhabitat
tiny niche within a larger environment to reduce competition
what is one example of antagonism
exploitative explosion
parasites
lives on/in another organism causing it some harm
parasitoid
lives in close association w/ its host and at host’s expense and sooner or later KILLS host
what group are of the golden children of ecology
herbivores
what is the predation equation for prey
dV/dt=rV-aVP
what is the predation equation for predators
dP/dt=BVP-qP
why don’t we see perfect predator and prey curves in nature
lack of food for prey
lots of predators eat the the same prey
parasites can make both sick
mutualism
interaction bt individual that benefits both partners
obligate mutualism
the organisms cannot survive without each other
facultative mutualism
each organism can survive independent but are benefited to remain together
is mutualism messy or perfect
MESSY BIHHHHH
context dependent mutualism
when the situation is bad, organisms will work together but when things are good, they’ll break the relationship
animal guild
group of species that exploits the SAME KINDS OF RESOURCES in comparable ways
plant life-form
basis of their structure and function
grass brush forest
what is community structure
# of species abundance of species type of species
what two factors is biodiversity affected by
richness and evenness
how do you determine the diversity of an area
shannon diversity index
what is the x axis of the Rank Abundance Curve
abundance rank
what is the y axis of the Rank Abundance Curve
relative abundance
how do you calculate relative abundance
abundance of one species/abundance of community