Exam 3- Breasts and regional lymphatics-MJ Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Exam 3- Breasts and regional lymphatics-MJ Deck (45)
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1
Q

If a woman is not pregnant, are the glands that cause the milk to go in the ducts active?

A

No, only when a woman is pregnant

2
Q

What are the cooper ligaments?

A

Ligaments that support breast tissue

3
Q

What tissue is the bulk of the breast?

A

Adipose

4
Q

What age group can be palpated for abnormalities easier?

A

Older women

5
Q

Where is cancer normally found?

A

Upper outer quadrant

6
Q

In an adolescent, ____ stimulates breast changes

A

Estrogen

7
Q

What comes first: breast development or menarche?

A

Breast development

8
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

Growth around the nipple area in boys (it goes away)

9
Q

What are the two developmental considerations of a pregnant woman?

A

Colostrum and lactation

10
Q

What is colostrum?

A

Clear, yellowish color
Also called “pre milk”
The milk produced right after birth
Loaded with antibodies, proteins, lactose, and very little fat

11
Q

What is lactation?

A

Producing the milk–more fat!!

12
Q

What is the second major cause of death from cancer in women?

A

Breast cancer

13
Q

What age women are at greater risk for breast cancer?

A

over 50

14
Q

__ in __ women will develop breast cancer at some point in their life

A

1 in 8

15
Q

What increases survival of breast cancer?

A

Early detection and improved treatment

16
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate percentage of breast cancer?

A

98%

17
Q

What can increase your risk of getting breast cancer?

A

Birth control and hormone replacement

18
Q

When should women get their first mammogram?

A

40

19
Q

What are the two areas to check for breast?

A
Breast 
Axilla (don't forget about checking here!)
20
Q

In a preadolescent girl there are noticed ____ changes

A

Breast

21
Q

Pregnant women may have ____, ____, and ____ breasts…as well as ___ nipples

A

Enlargement, tenderness, and tingling

Inverted nipples

22
Q

Lactating women may have engorgement and ____ or ___ nipples

A

Sore or cracked nipples

Patient education about how to breastfeed to avoid this!

23
Q

What are the changes in a menopausal women breast?

A

Change in breast contour, size, or firmness

24
Q

What are the two ways the patient may be during a breast exam?

A

Sitting facing examiner

Supine position

25
Q

What equipment should be brought for a breast exam?

A

Small pillow
Ruler marked in cm
Teaching aid for breast self-exams

26
Q

When should a women do a self-exam?

A

Monthly after period

27
Q

When should pregnant women, menopausal women, and men do breast self-exams?

A

Pick a day–still do it monthly!!

28
Q

What is the purpose of a self-exam?

A

So you know your breasts—that way if something comes up abnormal, you know “oh this isn’t how they usually feel..something must be wrong”

29
Q

What do you look for in general appearance of a breast exam?

A

Size
Shape
Symmetry

30
Q

How should you look for in skin during breast exam?

A

Redness, bulging, dimpling, lesions

Pregnancy: striae

31
Q

Why are there striae in pregnant women?

A

The vascular network increases and is visible

32
Q

What are the lymphatic drainage areas?

A

Axillary and supraclavicular regions

Look for bulging, discoloration, edema

33
Q

Breast exam: nipple

What should you look for?

A

Symmetry protrusion, fissure, discharge

34
Q

What are the 4 ways to screen for retraction during a breast exam?

A

Lift arm over head
Push hands onto hips
Push two palms together
Lead forward

35
Q

How do you inspect the axilla during breast exam?

A

Lift and support womans arm while palpating axilla

Move arm through ROM

Note enlarged or tender lymph nodes

36
Q

Abnormal findings: lumps

Benign breast disease

A

Little, tender masses

37
Q

Abnormal findings: lumps

Fibroadenoma

A

Benign tumor of fibrous mass
No lymph node movement
Moveable
*Nothing done about this unless larger than 5cm

38
Q

Abnormal findings: retraction and inflammation

What are 4 abnormalities here?

A

Dimpling
Fixation
Edema
Deviation of nipple pointing (one straight vs. one cock-eyed–>this needs to be explored)

39
Q

Abnormal findings: Abnormal nipple discharge

What are the 4 types?

A

Mammary duct ectasia
Carcinoma
Intraductal papilloma
Paget disease (inarticulate carcinoma)

40
Q

Abnormal findings: Abnormal nipple discharge: What is carcinoma?

A

Bloody nipple

41
Q

Abnormal findings: Abnormal nipple discharge: What is intraductal papilloma?
Benign or cancerous?

A

Raised duct

Benign

42
Q

Abnormal findings: Abnormal nipple discharge: Paget disease characteristics?
Benign or cancerous?

A

Early- unilateral, yellow, clear
Later- crust, redness, exzema after a while

Cancerous

43
Q

What are some disorders during lactation?

A

Plugged duct
Breast abscess
Mastitis (inflammation of breast, happens before a breast abscess)

44
Q

What type of people may see gynecomastia?

A

Teens
Aging men
If estrogen concentration exceeds testrogen

45
Q

__% of breast cancer is occurring in men

A

1%