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Flashcards in exam 4 Deck (6)
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1
Q

1-male reproductive tract

2-testes–gross

3-testicular capsule

4-parenchyma of testis

A

1-testes, excretory ducts, accessory sex glands, & penis
—production of male gametes, components of semen & male hormones

2-exocrine= produce holocrine secretion
endocrine= produce male hormone (testosterone)

3-tunica vaginalis (outer layer)—mesothelium
tunica albuginea (middle)—dense fibroelastic CT
—thickened posterior to get mediastinum testis
—septa radiate into testives to make testicular lobules (filled w/ seminferous tubulues)
tunica vasculosa (inner layer)—BV in loose CT (continuous w/ other tissues)

4-interstitial tissues & seminiferous tubulues

2
Q

1-interstitial tissues

2-interstitial cells

3-seminiferous tubulues

4-sustentacular cells of sertoli (for 3)

A

1-has macrophages, BV, nerves, and misc
-leydig—large poly cell in between seminiferous tubulues—-spherical nucleus (binucleate)

2-testosterone—released by endocrine

  • controlled by LH from basophils of adenohyopo
  • testosterone responsible for prolif & differentiation of germ cells…development & maintenance of excretory ducts& sex glands

3-coiled, many in testis
-lined by germ epithelium that rests on Basement membrane (BM)…BM covered by lamina propria (have myoid cells for contraction for sperm movement)

4-spaced along tubulue from basal lamina to lumen

  • tall, pillar cells, pale ovoid nucleus
  • adjacent sertoli connected via tight junctions
  • form blood testis barrier—prevents contents of tubulue from freely interacting w/ vascular & divides into 2 comp
  • basal compartment—between cell junctions & basal lamina—has spermatogenic cells & area of free exchange
  • adluminal compartment-between junctions & lumen
  • has more differentiated germ cells
  • isolated from BV, get nutrition from sertoli, provents protein from lumen from reacing blood & causing formation of Ab to sperm

-during differentiation, spermatoenic cells attach & get nourished by sertoli
-sertoli cells produce- ABP (testosterone in adluminal)
& inhibin (regulates FSH) & mullerian inhibiting (prenatally, suppresses development of mullerian duct in females & promotes wolfian)

3
Q

1-sermatogenic cells (of seminiferous)

2-spermatogonia

3-primary spermatocyte

4-2ndary spermatocyte

5-spermatids

6-mature spermatozoa

A

1-germ cells of male

  • differentiate as they move from basal comp to lumen
  • differentiate via spermatogenesis
  • 64 days to get mature sperm
  • –differentiation: spermatogonia –> primary spermatocyte—> 2ndary spermatocyte—> spermatids—> mature spermatozoan

2-lie in basal compartment…round cells, diploid
-divide to produce primary spermatocytes

3-largest germ cell, spherical or ovoid

  • goes from basal compartment to adluminal (via sertoli tight junctions)
  • 1st meitoic division to get 2ndary
  • cytokinesis is incomplete so 2ndary spermatocytes have bridge

4-1/2 size of primary…near lumen
-rarely seen bc they divide too fast to get haploid

5-close to lumen

  • 4 daughter spermatids in cytoplasmic continuity
  • in deep recesses on apical sertoli
  • become mature via spermiogenesis
  • –differntiation of spermatids to mature spermatozoa
  • centrioles migrate to opposite pole of nucleus (1 forms flagellum w/ 9 +2)
  • cytoplasma sheds residual body
  • spermatozoan released from sertoli morph mature but functionally immature

6-lie in lumen of tubule

  • head & tail
  • head= condensed nucleus & acrosome cap
  • final maturation of sperm= capacitation—in female
4
Q

excretory ducts

1-tubuli recti

2-rete testis

3-ductuli efferentes

A

1-from seminiferous tubules to rete testis
short straight tubule w/ sertoli cells

2-anastomosing channels in mediastinum testis connecting tubuli recti & ductuli efferentes
-simple cuboidal epi w/ single cilium & scattered microvilli

3-form part of head of epididymis—connect rete testis & ductus epidiymis

  • simple colum epi
  • –tall colum w/ cilia alternate w/ short cuboidal that reabsorb fluid “up and down” appearance
  • cilia beat towards epididymis, transport nont motile spermatazoa
  • bound by CT, & circular SM inc thickness
5
Q

1- ductus epididymis

2-ductus deferens

3-ejaculatory duct

A

1-ductuli efferentes unite to make single ductus epididymis connecting ductuli efferentes & ductus deferens

  • tortuous coiled—head body & tail of epididymis
  • –sperm get motility in epididymis
  • pseudostratified colum epi w/ sterocilia—cells get excess fluid produced by semi tubulues
  • thin lamina propria
  • outside lamina propria—thin of circular SM, inc thickness towards ductus deferens

2-continuation of epididymis, enters inguinal canal & goes w/ retroperitoneal to join w/ duct of seminal vesicle to get ejac duct

  • thick wall, narrow lumen
  • mucosa rises into folds, causes stellate of lumen
  • pseudostraified colum w/ sterocilia—thin lamina
  • muscularis= 3 layers—inner & outer longitudinal w/ inner circular
  • seen as part of spermatic cord
  • terminal portion of ductus deferents dilates to form ampulla, which has wider lumen & branching folds

3-formed by union of ampulla of ductus deferens & duct of seminal vesicle

6
Q

1-seminal vesicles

2-prostate

3-bulbourethra glands—glands of cowper

A

1-paired elongated, sac on posterior surface of bladder—single long tube ends to join ductus deferents to form ejac duct—testosterone dependent

  • mucosa thrown into numerous folds, = honeycomb lumen
  • epi varies—pseudostrat colum, simple colum or cube
  • –secretes yellow viscous secretion (makes up 70% of semen)
  • –rich in fructose & prostaglandins
  • –energy source for spermatozoa
  • epi rests on loos lamina propria w/ BV & elastic fibers (muscular wall)
  • musclaris= inner circular & outer longitudinal SM
  • surrounded by adventitia

2-surrounds urethra, largest accessory sex, testosterone dependent
-wide lumen & branches
-epi from simple squamous, cub, colum, pseudostrat
-rests on fibroelastic CT w/ SM
-secrete thin, milk fluid rich in proteolytic enzymes & acid—may condense to form spherical bodies (prostatic concretions)
elevated prostate specific antigens= prostate cancer

3-paired, pea sized in UG diaphragm

  • tubuloalveolar gland that drains via duct into urethra
  • secrete clear viscous fluid rich in AA & sialoproteins…lubricates urethra