1-male reproductive tract
2-testes–gross
3-testicular capsule
4-parenchyma of testis
1-testes, excretory ducts, accessory sex glands, & penis
—production of male gametes, components of semen & male hormones
2-exocrine= produce holocrine secretion endocrine= produce male hormone (testosterone)
3-tunica vaginalis (outer layer)—mesothelium
tunica albuginea (middle)—dense fibroelastic CT
—thickened posterior to get mediastinum testis
—septa radiate into testives to make testicular lobules (filled w/ seminferous tubulues)
tunica vasculosa (inner layer)—BV in loose CT (continuous w/ other tissues)
4-interstitial tissues & seminiferous tubulues
1-interstitial tissues
2-interstitial cells
3-seminiferous tubulues
4-sustentacular cells of sertoli (for 3)
1-has macrophages, BV, nerves, and misc
-leydig—large poly cell in between seminiferous tubulues—-spherical nucleus (binucleate)
2-testosterone—released by endocrine
- controlled by LH from basophils of adenohyopo
- testosterone responsible for prolif & differentiation of germ cells…development & maintenance of excretory ducts& sex glands
3-coiled, many in testis
-lined by germ epithelium that rests on Basement membrane (BM)…BM covered by lamina propria (have myoid cells for contraction for sperm movement)
4-spaced along tubulue from basal lamina to lumen
- tall, pillar cells, pale ovoid nucleus
- adjacent sertoli connected via tight junctions
- form blood testis barrier—prevents contents of tubulue from freely interacting w/ vascular & divides into 2 comp
- basal compartment—between cell junctions & basal lamina—has spermatogenic cells & area of free exchange
- adluminal compartment-between junctions & lumen
- has more differentiated germ cells
- isolated from BV, get nutrition from sertoli, provents protein from lumen from reacing blood & causing formation of Ab to sperm
-during differentiation, spermatoenic cells attach & get nourished by sertoli
-sertoli cells produce- ABP (testosterone in adluminal)
& inhibin (regulates FSH) & mullerian inhibiting (prenatally, suppresses development of mullerian duct in females & promotes wolfian)
1-sermatogenic cells (of seminiferous)
2-spermatogonia
3-primary spermatocyte
4-2ndary spermatocyte
5-spermatids
6-mature spermatozoa
1-germ cells of male
- differentiate as they move from basal comp to lumen
- differentiate via spermatogenesis
- 64 days to get mature sperm
- –differentiation: spermatogonia –> primary spermatocyte—> 2ndary spermatocyte—> spermatids—> mature spermatozoan
2-lie in basal compartment…round cells, diploid
-divide to produce primary spermatocytes
3-largest germ cell, spherical or ovoid
- goes from basal compartment to adluminal (via sertoli tight junctions)
- 1st meitoic division to get 2ndary
- cytokinesis is incomplete so 2ndary spermatocytes have bridge
4-1/2 size of primary…near lumen
-rarely seen bc they divide too fast to get haploid
5-close to lumen
- 4 daughter spermatids in cytoplasmic continuity
- in deep recesses on apical sertoli
- become mature via spermiogenesis
- –differntiation of spermatids to mature spermatozoa
- centrioles migrate to opposite pole of nucleus (1 forms flagellum w/ 9 +2)
- cytoplasma sheds residual body
- spermatozoan released from sertoli morph mature but functionally immature
6-lie in lumen of tubule
- head & tail
- head= condensed nucleus & acrosome cap
- final maturation of sperm= capacitation—in female
excretory ducts
1-tubuli recti
2-rete testis
3-ductuli efferentes
1-from seminiferous tubules to rete testis
short straight tubule w/ sertoli cells
2-anastomosing channels in mediastinum testis connecting tubuli recti & ductuli efferentes
-simple cuboidal epi w/ single cilium & scattered microvilli
3-form part of head of epididymis—connect rete testis & ductus epidiymis
- simple colum epi
- –tall colum w/ cilia alternate w/ short cuboidal that reabsorb fluid “up and down” appearance
- cilia beat towards epididymis, transport nont motile spermatazoa
- bound by CT, & circular SM inc thickness
1- ductus epididymis
2-ductus deferens
3-ejaculatory duct
1-ductuli efferentes unite to make single ductus epididymis connecting ductuli efferentes & ductus deferens
- tortuous coiled—head body & tail of epididymis
- –sperm get motility in epididymis
- pseudostratified colum epi w/ sterocilia—cells get excess fluid produced by semi tubulues
- thin lamina propria
- outside lamina propria—thin of circular SM, inc thickness towards ductus deferens
2-continuation of epididymis, enters inguinal canal & goes w/ retroperitoneal to join w/ duct of seminal vesicle to get ejac duct
- thick wall, narrow lumen
- mucosa rises into folds, causes stellate of lumen
- pseudostraified colum w/ sterocilia—thin lamina
- muscularis= 3 layers—inner & outer longitudinal w/ inner circular
- seen as part of spermatic cord
- terminal portion of ductus deferents dilates to form ampulla, which has wider lumen & branching folds
3-formed by union of ampulla of ductus deferens & duct of seminal vesicle
1-seminal vesicles
2-prostate
3-bulbourethra glands—glands of cowper
1-paired elongated, sac on posterior surface of bladder—single long tube ends to join ductus deferents to form ejac duct—testosterone dependent
- mucosa thrown into numerous folds, = honeycomb lumen
- epi varies—pseudostrat colum, simple colum or cube
- –secretes yellow viscous secretion (makes up 70% of semen)
- –rich in fructose & prostaglandins
- –energy source for spermatozoa
- epi rests on loos lamina propria w/ BV & elastic fibers (muscular wall)
- musclaris= inner circular & outer longitudinal SM
- surrounded by adventitia
2-surrounds urethra, largest accessory sex, testosterone dependent
-wide lumen & branches
-epi from simple squamous, cub, colum, pseudostrat
-rests on fibroelastic CT w/ SM
-secrete thin, milk fluid rich in proteolytic enzymes & acid—may condense to form spherical bodies (prostatic concretions)
elevated prostate specific antigens= prostate cancer
3-paired, pea sized in UG diaphragm
- tubuloalveolar gland that drains via duct into urethra
- secrete clear viscous fluid rich in AA & sialoproteins…lubricates urethra