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Skin/MSk > Exam 4 viruses from the pediatrician > Flashcards

Exam 4 viruses from the pediatrician Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of measles (rubeola)?

A

morbillivirus, paramyxovirus

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2
Q

How is measles (rubeola) transmitted?

A

Nasopharyngeal droplet, direct contact

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3
Q

How long is the incubation of measles (rubeola)?

A

10-12 days

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4
Q

How long are measles (rubeola) patients communicable

A

5th day of incubation to 2-3 days of rash

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5
Q

What are the classic signs of measles (rubeola)?

A

Koplic spots, rash, conjunctivitis, cough, serology

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6
Q

What is the treatment of measles (rubeola)?

A

Symptomatic, vitamin A

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Rubella?

A

rubivirus, togaviridae

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8
Q

How is Rubella transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplet, direct contact, stool, urine

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9
Q

How long is the incubation of Rubella?

A

16-18 days

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10
Q

How long are Rubella pts communicable?

A

7 days before rash, 5 days after rash

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11
Q

What are the classic signs of Rubella?

A

post occiput nodes, rash, serology

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12
Q

what is the treatment of Rubella?

A

symptomatic

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?

A

HHV-6 and 7

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14
Q

How is Roseola (exanthem subitum) transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplets, high in spring and fall

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15
Q

What is the incubation time of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?

A

~9 days

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16
Q

How long is Roseola (exanthem subitum) communicable?

A

during febrile stage

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17
Q

What are the classic signs of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?

A

high fever for 3 days, defervesing with maculopapular rash

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18
Q

What is the treatment for Roseola (exanthem subitum)?

A

symptomatic

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19
Q

What is the etiology of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?

A

parvovirus B19

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20
Q

How is 5th disease (erythema infectiosum) transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplet, blood

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21
Q

How long is the incubation of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?

A

4-14 days

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22
Q

How long is 5th disease (erythema infectiosum) communicable?

A

Before onset of symptoms to onset of rash

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23
Q

What are the classic signs of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?

A

Slapped cheeks, lacey rash of trunk and arms, serology

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24
Q

What is the treatment of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?

A

symptomatic

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25
Q

What is the etiology of Varicella (chickenpox)?

A

varicella-zoster virus, herpes virus

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26
Q

How is Varicella (chickenpox) transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplet, skin lesions, late spring and winter

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27
Q

How long is the incubation of Varicella (chickenpox)?

A

14-16 days

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28
Q

What is the communicability of Varicella (chickenpox)?

A

1-2 days before to shortly after rash begins, highly contagious

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29
Q

What is the classic sign of Varicella (chickenpox)?

A

down on a rose petal, macule to vesicle 24 hours later, fever, flu symptoms, serology

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30
Q

What is the treatment of Varicella (chickenpox)?

A

symptomatic, acycoclovir, VZIG for immunocompromised, avoid ASA

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31
Q

What is the etiology of Shingles (zoster)?

A

varicella-zoster virus

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32
Q

What is the transmission of Shingles (zoster)?

A

it’s a latent disease after chickenpox infection

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33
Q

What is the classic sign of Shingles (zoster)?

A

vesicles clumped into a dermatome

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34
Q

What is the etiology of Variola (smallpox)?

A

poxvirus

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35
Q

How is Variola (smallpox) transmitted?

A

direct contact of skin lesions, mucous membrane, nasopharyngeal droplets

36
Q

What’s the incubation time of Variola (smallpox)?

A

12 days

37
Q

How long is Variola (smallpox) communicable?

A

Onset of rash to clearing of crusts

38
Q

What are the classic signs of Variola (smallpox)?

A

centrifugal vesicles that progress at th same rate

39
Q

What is the treatment of Variola (smallpox)?

A

supportive, VIG within 24 hours of contact

40
Q

What is the treatment of shingles (zoster)?

A

famcyclovir, valacyclovir as soon as symptoms begin

41
Q

What is the etiology of molluscum contagiosum?

A

poxvirus

42
Q

How is molluscum contagiosum transmitted?

A

direct contact, fomites

43
Q

How long does molluscum contagiosum incubate?

A

2-7 weeks, up to 6 mos

44
Q

How long is molluscum contagiosum communicable?

A

unknown

45
Q

What are the classic signs of molluscum contagiosum?

A

papular, waxy lesions with central umbilications, Giemsa stain

46
Q

What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A

Mechanical removal, acid, liquid N2

47
Q

What is the etiology of infectious mono?

A

Epstein-Barr virus, herpes virus

48
Q

How is infectious mono transmitted?

A

close contact

49
Q

How long is the incubation for infectious mono?

A

30-50 days

50
Q

How long is infectious mono communicable?

A

indeterminate, recovery for months

51
Q

What are the classic signs of infectious mono?

A

fever, pharyngitis, extreme tiredness, lymphadenopathy, heterophile Ab, slide agglutination

52
Q

What is the treatment for infectious mono?

A

symptomatic, rest, steroids

53
Q

What is the etiology of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?

A

Coxsackievirus, echovirus

54
Q

How is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplet, fecal-oral, late summer

55
Q

How long is the incubation of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?

A

3-6 days

56
Q

How long is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) communicable?

A

several weeks

57
Q

What are the classic signs of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?

A

lesions on oral mucosa, foot, hand

58
Q

How is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) treated?

A

symptomatic

59
Q

What is the etiology of some warts?

A

papillomavirus

60
Q

How are warts transmitted?

A

direct contact, sexual

61
Q

How long are warts communicable

A

only when present

62
Q

How do you diagnose a wart?

A

Inspection, pap smear, biopsy, acetic acid

63
Q

What is the treatment for warts?

A

liquid N2, acid, podophyllum

64
Q

what is the etiology of mumps?

A

paramyxovirus

65
Q

How is mumps transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplet, salive spread

66
Q

How long is the incubation of mumps?

A

18 says

67
Q

How long are mums communicable?

A

7 days before to 9 days after parotid swelling.

68
Q

What are the classic signs of mumps?

A

Stentson’s duct and parotid swelling, serology

69
Q

What is the treatment of mumps?

A

symptomatic

70
Q

What is the etiology of polio?

A

polioviruses types 1, 2 and 3, enterovirus

71
Q

How is polio transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplet, fecal-oral

72
Q

How long is the incubation of polio?

A

7-14 days (5-35 days)

73
Q

How long is polio communicable?

A

just before to 6-8 weeks after onset of illness

74
Q

What are the classic signs of polio?

A

fever, headache, paralysis

75
Q

What is the etiology of rabies?

A

rhabdovirus

76
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

saliva or bite of infected animal, transplants

77
Q

What is the etiology of scarlet fever?

A

streptococcus, (staphlococcus, corynebacterium)

78
Q

How is scarlet fever transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal secretions, school age, winter and spring

79
Q

How long is the incubation of scarlet fever?

A

2-5 days

80
Q

How long is scarlet fever communicable?

A

during stage of acute symptoms to 24 hours after

81
Q

What are the classic signs of scarlet fever?

A

fever, sore throat, sand-paper rash, Pastia’s lines, throat culture, ASO

82
Q

What is the treatment of scarlet fever?

A

Penicillin for 10 days, symptomatic

83
Q

What is the etiology of meningococcemia?

A

Neisseria, meningitis

84
Q

How long is the incubation of meningococcemia?

A

1-10 days

85
Q

How long is meningococcemia communicable?

A

within 24 hours after treatment

86
Q

What are the classic signs of meningococcemia?

A

meningitis, purpura, fever, shock, spinal fluid and blood cultures, latex agglutination

87
Q

What is the treatment of meningococcemia?

A

IV penicillin G, fluids, steroids

Skin/MSk (31 decks)

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