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Flashcards in Exam 5 Deck (20)
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1
Q

Severe unilateral pain + lacrimation

A

Cluster headache

2
Q

Management of cluster headache

a) acute
b) prophylactic

A

a) 100% oxygen, triptan (nasal or subcut)

b) verapamil, prednisolone

3
Q

Treatment for migraine:

a) abortive
b) prophylactic

A

a) triptan + simple analgesia

b) propanolol, pizotifen, TCA

4
Q

Pain in trigeminal distribution, unilateral, triggered by light touch

A

Trigeminal neurlagia

5
Q

Throbbing temple pain + jaw claudication + visual loss

A

Temporal arteritis

6
Q

Features suggesting raised ICP (4)

A

Worse in the morning and with coughing/bending
Visual disturbance
Papilloedema
Abducens palsy

7
Q

Treatment of raised ICP (2)

A

Treat the cause

Mannitol IV

8
Q

Intense unilateral eye pain + mid-dilated pupil

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

9
Q

Treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Miosis with pilocarpine

10
Q

Commonest cause of a stroke in young people

A

Carotid or vertebral artery dissection

11
Q

Key features in a seizure history?

A

BEFORE- what was happening, prodrome?
DURING- aura, onset, duration, loss of consciousness, tongue biting, incontinence
AFTER- recovery, any residual weakness

12
Q

Main classification of seizures

A

Partial (with a focal onset- 2/3 go on to become generalized)
Generalised

13
Q

Seizures:

a) loss of consciousness, limbs stiffen and then jerk
b) brief pauses of around 10 seconds,usually present in childhood
c) seizures provoked by fever in otherwise healthy children; usually brief and tonic/tonic-clonic
d) generalised seizure with brief, rapid muscle jerks
e) focal features + DISTURBANCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS/AWARENESS

A

a) tonic-clonic seizures
b) absence seizures
c) febrile convulsions
d) myoclonic seizures
e) complex partial seizures

14
Q

First-line prophylactic treatment for

a) generalised seizures
b) partial seizures
c) absence seizures

A

a) sodium valproate
b) carbamezapine
c) sodium valproate, ethosixumide

15
Q

What is lamotrigine used for in seizure prophylaxis?

A

2nd line for tonic-clonic, myoclonic, partial seizures

16
Q

Management of status (3)

A

Airway and breathing
Lorazepam/diazepam
Second line- phenytoin, valproate

17
Q

Definition of status epilepticus?

A

Seizures lasting more than 30 mins, or repeated seizures without intervening consciousness

18
Q

Side-effects of sodium valproate (5)

A
Teratogenic-neural tube defects, avoid in pregnancy
Alopecia
Weight gain
Fatigue
Nausea
19
Q

How does sodium valproate work?

A

Increases GABA activity

20
Q

What dose of folic acid should women taking AEDs be given in pregnancy?

A

5mg per day starting well before pregnancy