Exam 9: Hallucinogens, Phencyclidine, and Ketamine Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology > Exam 9: Hallucinogens, Phencyclidine, and Ketamine > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exam 9: Hallucinogens, Phencyclidine, and Ketamine Deck (25)
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1
Q

Name 4 Indoles

A

Lysergic acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Psilocybin/Psilocin
Butotenin
Ibogaine

2
Q

Name 2 phenylethylamides

A

Mescaline

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

3
Q

What sympathomimetic effects are caused by LSD/hallucinogens in the initial stage?

A
Mydriasis
BP increase
Tachycardia
Piloerection
Hyperreflexia
tremors
Increased temp
4
Q

What are some somatic effects of LSD/hallucinogens in the initial stage?

A

dizziness
weakness
paresthesias
nausea

5
Q

What are some subjective psychic changes with LSD/hallucinogens in the initial stage?

A

Anxiety
Euphoria/giddiness
emotional lability
You feel pleasant in the initial stage

6
Q

What is seen in the hallucinogenic phase of LSD?

A

Sensory disturbances
Depersonalization (out of body)
Difficulty determining what’s real and what isn’t
Panic reactions are common (sure they are…)

7
Q

How can you treat a person having a bad trip?

A

Reassurance

Placing them in a place with low sensory input

8
Q

What are Psilocin and psilocybin?

A

Hallucinogenic substances seen in mushrooms (effects are like LSD)

9
Q

What drug is taken by “toad licking”?

A

Bufotenin

10
Q

What is Bufotenin?

A

Hallucinogen seen in mushrooms and some amphibians (toad licking)

11
Q

Where do you find Mescaline?

A

Peyote cactus

12
Q

What are the effects of Mescaline?

A

Like LSD, but the autonomic changes are less pronounced

13
Q

What are effects of MDMA?

A

Stimulant and hallucinogenic

14
Q

What hallucinogen is found in the roots of an African shrub?

A

Ibogaine

15
Q

What is a controversial use for Ibogaine?

A

Powerful hallucinogen that has recently been reported to suppress the craving for heroin cocaine and other drugs in addicted individuals.

16
Q

Describe tolerance/dependence on hallucinogens?

A

Tolerance is common
Cross tolerance between different drugs occurs
Physical dependence isn’t a big issue

17
Q

What is hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)?

A

Hallucinogen-associated long term changes in processing of visual information.
Involved in flashbacks

18
Q

What is the most widely accepted mechanism of action of hallucinogens?

A

Agonists at presynaptic 5-HT2 receptors and thereby decrease the rate of firing of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, which leads to alterations in the functioning the reticular sensory filtering system
Also may effect dopamine and the enkephalins

19
Q

What does PCP do at low doses?

A

Marijuana-like effects

20
Q

What does PCP do at high doses?

A

Amphetamine-like stimulant effects, including irritability and hostility

21
Q

What can happen with high doses of PCP?

A

Hallucinations, psychosis, and rage

They may get super strong and be impervious to pain.

22
Q

What is the mechanism of PCP?

A

Blockade of NMDA receptors

23
Q

What are 4 physical symptoms of PCP toxicity?

A

Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, hypertension, and vertical nystagmus

24
Q

What is a unique physical sign of PCP toxicity that is useful in diagnosis?

A

Vertical nystagmus

25
Q

What is a hazard associated with long term use of PCP?

A

Psychosis and cognitive impairment