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Toxicology > Exam III pt. 2 > Flashcards

Exam III pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some side effects noted with CNS stimulant drugs?

A

Nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, tachycardia. Paranoia with toxicity, decreased growth with LT usage

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2
Q

What channels are regulated by GABA

A

Chloride channels

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3
Q

Chloride channels also contain receptor channels for what other kids of drugs?

A

Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and other sedative-hypnotics

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4
Q

What is a common effects of prolonged/excessive use of benzodiazepines?

A

Tolerance and dependence

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5
Q

What are some noted side effects of benzodiazepines?

A

SOMNOLENCE, sedation, confusion. Respiratory and CNS depression

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6
Q

T/F

There is a low risk of tolerance and dependency associated with taking miscellaneous sedative-hypnotic drugs

A

True

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7
Q

What are some side effects associated with misc sedative-hypnotic drugs?

A

METALLIC TASTE, headache, dry mouth, respiratory and CNS depression

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8
Q

What are some natural sedative/anti-anxiety herbs and supplements with strong evidence of efficacy?

A

Kava (anxiety),

Melatonin (sleep)

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9
Q

What is the most widely used (self-perscribed) nonprescription sedative-hypnotic/anti-anxiety agen?

A

Alcohol

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10
Q

What are the most commonly used antidepressant drugs?

A

SSRIs

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11
Q

What is the most noteable side effect of SSRIs?

A

Serotonin syndrome

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12
Q

T/F

Serotonin syndrome is a relatively benign reaction associated with symptoms that occur long after it takes effect

A

False

Potentially life threatening drug reaction. Symptoms occur within minutes to hours

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13
Q

What are SSRIs strongly metabolized by in vivo?

A

CYP450 system

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14
Q

What are the most important contraindicated supplements when taking SSRIs?

A

5-HTP, SAMe, St. John’s Wort

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15
Q

What are some supplements (natural) that have high evidence of SSRI activity?

A

DHEA, saffron, SAMe, St. John’s Wort

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16
Q

What is a common, noteable use of SNRIs?

A

Off label prescription

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17
Q

What are some noted side effects of SNRIs?

A

Dry mouth, headache, insomnia, weight loss. Seizures

18
Q

What are some side effects noted with tricyclics (TCAs)?

A

SEDATION, DROWSINESS, BLURRED VISION, dry mouth, increased appetite, weight gain, postural hypotension

19
Q

TCAs are strongly metabolized by what system?

A

CYP450 system (CYP2C19)

20
Q

What are some noted side effects of MAOIs?

A

INSOMNIA, hyper/hypotension, dry mouth, N/V, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision

21
Q

What is an important dietary consideration to prevent interactions when taking MAOIs?

A

Must eat a low tyramine diet

22
Q

What are some behaviors associated with common usage of anticonvulsants?

A

Suicidal behavior or ideation

23
Q

What are some side effects noted with taking anticonvulsants?

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, N/V, diplopia, headache

24
Q

What releases NE and, EP?

A

Adrenergic nerves: norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla: Epinepthrine

25
Q

What are some noteable side effects of alpha-adrenergic drugs (sympathomimetics)?

A

Nervousness, insomnia, restlessness

26
Q

What dietary consideration should be heeded to avoid interactions when taking alpha and beta-adrenergic drugs?

A

Limit caffeine

27
Q

What are some side effects of beta-adrenergic drugs (sympathomimetics)?

A

TREMOR, NERVOUSNESS, palpitations, tachycardia, headache, dizziness.

28
Q

What are some noted side effects of alpha-adrenergic BLOCKING drugs?

A

DROWSINESS, priapism (longevity boner)

29
Q

What are some side-effects noted with beta-adrenergic BLOCKING drugs?

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, fatigue, dizziness, confusion

30
Q

What are centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants typically used for?

A

Muscle spasms

31
Q

What are peripheral skeletal muscle relaxants typically used for?

A

Primarily used before and during surgical procedures

32
Q

What are some adverse reactions noted with the use of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants?

A

Coma, seizure, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity

33
Q

What are some common side effects of antihistamines?

A

DROWSINESS, SEDATION, dizziness, ataxia, GI distress, constipation

34
Q

What are some natural antihistamines that have strong evidence of efficacy?

A

Bromelain, butterbur, probiotics, whey protein

35
Q

What are some noted side effects of bronchodilators: Beta-2 agonists?

A

TREMOR, NERVOUSNESS, palpitations, tachycardia, headache, dizziness, anaphylaxis

36
Q

What dietary consideration should be heeded when taking bronchodilator Bet-2 agonists?

A

Limit caffeine

37
Q

What are some noteable side effects of taking Methylxanthines (bronchodilator)?

A

Nervousness, insomnia, anorexia. Convulsions/seizures (can be fatal)

38
Q

What is the MOST toxic of the methylxanthines?

A

Theophylline

39
Q

What can Theophylline toxicity be treated with?

A

Beta-blockers

40
Q

What are some natural agents that have strong evidence of bronchodilator effects

A

Boswellia, caffeine, choline, coleus, ephedra, magnesium, Pycnogenol

Toxicology (6 decks)

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