Experimental Designs Part 2

Question 1

What would threaten internal validity?

Answer 1

History
Reliability of Measures
Mortality
Maturation
Regression to the Mean

Question 2

Unreliable measures can do what to a study?

Answer 2

Invalidate

Question 3

What is another name for external validity?

Answer 3

Generalizability

Question 4

An RCT only considers the average of what?

Answer 4

Group of Subjects

Question 5

What is the most commonly used design in research?

Answer 5

Pretest-Posttest randomized experimental design

Question 6

In the classic experiment subjects are evaluated before and after the intervention so that what between groups can be considered?

Answer 6

Pre-treatment Differences

Question 7

What are test factors in pretreatment differences between groups as a covariate?

Answer 7

Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)

Question 8

The ANCOVA test statistically removes the effect of what from the analysis?

Answer 8

Covariates

Question 9

What compares with an alternate form of treatment?

Answer 9

2-group pretest-posttest design

Question 10

What type of trial can groups not be compared after randomization because no pretest is used?

Answer 10

Post-test only randomization controlled trial

Question 11

What is often used when several explanatory variables are involved in a study?

Answer 11

Factorial Design

Question 12

Factorial design is useful to determine if any interaction exists between?

Answer 12

Variables

Question 13

Explanatory variables are categorized as what?

Answer 13

Factors

Levels

Question 14

When treatment is provided to one group, while the other group receives a placebo or alternate treatment is known as a?

Answer 14

Crossover Design

Question 15

With crossover design, group assignments are switched at some point in time without who’s knowledge?

Answer 15

Doctor or Subject

Question 16

With crossover design each group receives what?

Answer 16

Active and alternate treatment

Question 17

What are the crossover design limitations?

Answer 17

Carry-over effects
High Dropout rates
Treatment sequencing

Question 18

The therapeutic effects of the first intervention continue during the second intervention in a cross over design is known as what?

Answer 18

Carry-Over Effects

Question 19

There are high dropout rates in a crossover design because there are what?

Answer 19

2 or more periods of treatments

Question 20

What is treatment sequencing?

Answer 20

When pt’s respond differently when treatment 1 is given before treatment 2 that if the order is reversed

Question 21

What design is similar to the randomized designs minus random assignment to groups?

Answer 21

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Question 22

The lack of randomization is a major factor that makes claims about causality based on quasi-experimental evenidence what?

Answer 22

Doubtful

Question 23

What designs don’t utilize randomization or a comparison groups?

Answer 23

Non-Experimental

Question 24

Non-experimental designs are not capable of determining what?

Answer 24

Effect of an intervention

Question 25

Non-experimental designs include?

Answer 25

Survey and observational research

Case studies and case series

Question 26

What design has large sample sizes, large time ranges, safety estimations, cost effectiveness and risk/benefit?

Answer 26

Cohort Studies