Eye and ICP Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause a raised intracranial pressure?

A

Head injury
Space occupying lesion, tumour, abscess or haemorrhage
Hydrocephalus - blockage of circulation of CSF
Meningitis

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the brain?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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3
Q

What passes through the tentorial notch?

A

Brain stem, hypothalamus

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4
Q

Where will the CSF pass from the subarachnoid space to the superior sagittal sinus?

A

Arachnoid villi (granulations)

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5
Q

What visual problems can occur with a raised ICP?

A
Transient blurred vision
Double vision
Loss of vision
Papilloedema (swelling of optic disc due to increased ICP)
Pupillary changes
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6
Q

What covers the optic nerve?

A

Meninges (dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater)

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7
Q

What effect will a raised ICP have on the optic nerve?

A

Compress optic nerve along with the central artery and vein of the retina

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8
Q

Symptoms of papiloedema?

A
Transient visual obscurations
Transient flickering
Blurring
Constriction of visual field
Decreased colour perception
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9
Q

How can the oculomotor nerve be damaged?

A
Compression
Tentorial herniation (raised ICP)
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10
Q

What will occur with injury to oculomotor nerve?

A

No/slow pupillary light reflex
Dilated pupil
Ptosis
Position of eye: looking down and out as there is no opposition to lateral rectus and superior oblique

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11
Q

How can the trochlear nerve be damaged?

A

Stretching
Compression
Very rare to have an isolated trochlear nerve injury

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12
Q

What will happen to the eye with an oculomotor injury?

A

Inferior oblique unopposed - eye cannot move inferomedially

Diplopia when looking down

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13
Q

What will occur with an injury to the abducens nerve?

A

Paralysis of lateral rectus and therefore medial deviation of eye

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