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Microbiology > FA - Micro - Clinical Bacteriology (2016) > Flashcards

FA - Micro - Clinical Bacteriology (2016) Flashcards

1
Q

S.epi - Infects …?

A
  1. Prosthetic devices (eg hip implant, heart valve).

2. IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms.

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2
Q

S.saprophyticus - General features:

A
  1. Catalase (+).
  2. Coagulase (-).
  3. Urease (+).
    NOVOBIOCIN RESISTANT.
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3
Q

S.sapro is normal flora of …?

A

Female genital tract + Perineum.

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4
Q

S.pyogenes (GAS) - Pyrrolidonyll arylamidase (PYR)?

A

POSITIVE.

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5
Q

S.agalactiae (GBS) - Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase?

A

NEGATIVE.

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6
Q

S.bovis - Colonize the …?

A

GUT.

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7
Q

S.gallolyticus?

A

S.bovis biotype 1.

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8
Q

S.gallolyticus - Cause what …?

A

BACTEREMIA + SUBACUTE endocarditis.

==> Associated with COLON CANCER.

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9
Q

Enterococci - PYR?

A

POSITIVE.

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10
Q

C.tetani - Tx:

A
  1. Anti-toxin +/- vaccine booster.
  2. Diazepam (for muscle spasms).
  3. Wound debridement.
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11
Q

C.botolinum - Local botox injections used to …?

A

Treat:

  1. Focal dystonia.
  2. Achalasia.
  3. Muscle spasms.
    - -> Also used for cosmetic reduction of facial wrinkles.
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12
Q

C.perfringens - Spores can survive in …?

A

UNDERCOOKED FOOD.

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13
Q

C.perfringens - When ingested, bacteria release …?

A

Heat-labile enterotoxin –> Food poisoning.

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14
Q

C.difficile - For recurrent cases?

A
  1. Consider prior regimen.
  2. FIDAXOMICIN.
  3. Fecal microbiota transplant.
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15
Q

H2S production on TSI agar?

A

Salmonella + Proteus.

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16
Q

H2S production on TSI agar?

A

Shigella + Yersinia.

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17
Q

H.influenza - Culture on …?

A

Chocolatee agar –> Contains factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin) for growth.

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18
Q

H.influenza - Can also be grown with …?

A

S.aureus, which provides factor V through the hemolysis of RBCs.

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19
Q

Epiglottitis of H.flu - Endoscopic appearance?

A

“Cherry-red” in children.

20
Q

Epiglottitis - H.flu - X-RAY?

A

“Thumbprint sign on x-ray.

21
Q

H.flu - Tx:

A
  1. Amoxicillin +/- clavulanate for mucosal infections.
  2. Ceftriaxone for meningitis.
  3. Rifampin prophylaxis for close contacts.
22
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - Reservoirs:

A

Human and animals.

23
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - Spread:

A

Can disseminate HEMATOGENOUSLY.

24
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - H2S production?

A

YES.

25
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - Flagella?

A

YES.

26
Q

Salmonella VS Shigella - Virulence factors:

A

Salmonella typhi –> Endotoxin; Vi capsule.
Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) –> Endotoxin.
Shigella –> Endotoxin; Shiga toxin (ENTEROTOXIN).

27
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - ID50?

A

HIGH.

28
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - Immune response?

A

PMNs in disseminated disease.

29
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - GI manifestations?

A

Diarrhea - Possibly bloody.

30
Q

Salmonella VS Shigella - Vaccine?

A

Salmonella typhi –> ORAL vaccine contains live attenuated S.typhi + IM vaccine contains Vi capsular polysaccharide.
Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) –> NO VACCINE.
Shigella –> NO VACCINE.

31
Q

Salmonella typhi - Tx:

A

Ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone.

32
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - Common sources:

A
  1. Poultry.
  2. Eggs.
  3. Pets.
  4. TURTLES.
33
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - Antibiotics:

A

NOT INDICATED.

34
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - Gastroenteritis is usually caused by …?

A

NON TYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA.

35
Q

Shigella spp. - In order of decreasing order of severity (less toxin produced):

A

Dysenteriae > Flexneri > Boydii > Sonnei.

36
Q

Lyme - Stage 1:

A

Early localized ==>

  1. Erythema migrans.
  2. Flu-like symptoms.
37
Q

Lyme - Stage 2:

A

Early disseminated ==>

  1. Secondary lesions.
  2. Carditis.
  3. AV block.
  4. Facial nerve (Bell) palsy.
  5. Migratory myalgias/ transient arthritis.
38
Q

Lyme - Stage 3:

A

Late disseminated ==>

  1. Encephalopathies.
  2. Chronic arthritis.
39
Q

What may follow 2o syphilis?

A

LATENT SYPHILIS –> Positive serology without symptoms.

40
Q

Salmonella spp. (except S.typhi) - Transmission and source:

A
  1. Reptiles.

2. Poultry.

41
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - A “very special” test …?

A

AMINE WHIFF test –> Mixing discharge with 10% KOH ==> ENHANCES FISHY ODOR.

42
Q

Rickettsial diseases and vector-borne illnesses - Rash common:

A
  1. RMSP.

2. Typhus.

43
Q

Rickettsial diseases and vector-borne illnesses - Rash rare:

A
  1. Ehrlichiosis.
  2. Anaplasmosis.
  3. Q fever.
44
Q

MCC of culture-NEGATIVE endocarditis:

A

C.burnetii.

45
Q

Chlamydia D-K - Neonatal disease can be acquired during …?

A

Passage through INFECTED birth canal.

46
Q

Alpha-hemolytic bacteria - What causes the greenish/brownish color without clearing around growth on blood agar?

A

PARTIAL REDUCTION OF HEMOGLOBIN.

Microbiology (46 decks)

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