Female Phys- Trachte Flashcards Preview

HRM Test 2 > Female Phys- Trachte > Flashcards

Flashcards in Female Phys- Trachte Deck (29)
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1
Q

At birth, all oogonia have developed into….

A

Primary Oocytes and are arrested in prophase 1 (until ovulation)

2
Q

When do oocytes complete meiosis I?

A

Complete meiosis I at ovulation and are arrested in metaphase II until fertilization

3
Q

What has to happen in order for the oocytes to complete Meiosis II?

A

Fertilization!

4
Q

Describe the development of an occyte, starting with primordial follicle

A
Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Secondary Follicle
Graafian Follicle - OVULATION
Corpus Luteum left in ovary
5
Q

What is menopause?

A

follicle in ovary are exhausted, decreased estrogen production

6
Q

What determines the dominant follicle?

A

The biggest one, that is producing the most hormones

7
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates follicle development

LHR synthesis

8
Q

What are the two products of the granulosa cell?

A

Inhibin = inhibits FSH production in anterior pituitary

Estrogen = inhibits GnRH and Ant. pit UNTIL it reaches a threshold, and then turns to positive feedback to create the LH surge

9
Q

Why does LH surge, but not FSH?

A

Inhibin produced by the granulosa cells is inhibiting FSH production (because at this point you don’t need any more follicles developing!!)

10
Q

Main function of LH?

A

to induce ovulation!!
The LH surge
**ovulation required for formation of the corpus luteum

11
Q

In the first trimester, what hormone maintains the corpus luteum?

A

hCG maintains corpus luteum - which keeps progesterone levels high to maintain pregnancy

12
Q

hCG acts on what receptor?

A

Lutenizing Hormone Receptor (keeps estrogen levels high also)

13
Q

What cells contain the enzyme aromatase to convert androgens to estrogens?

A

Granulosa cells

14
Q

What cells produce androgens?

A

Theca Cells

15
Q

What causes the increase in temperature during the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone levels are greater

16
Q

How does estrogen effect the endometrium?

A

Estrogen causes thickening and proliferation of the endometrium

Gland develop
Stromal and vessel growth occurs
Uterine lining increases 10 fold

17
Q

How does progesterone effect the endometrium?

A

Causes secretion from glands rather than proliferation of glands

18
Q

When does the placenta become the primary source of progesterone for maintaining the pregnancy?

A

3-4 months (before that the corpus luteum was the source of progesterone)

19
Q

Why is the end of the first trimester the interval with the greatest likelihood of miscarriage?

A

It is the critical transition between uterine dependence on ovarian/corpus luteum vs. placental steroids

20
Q

Would an oophorectomy at 15 weeks terminate pregnancy?

A

Nope! At the point the corpus luteum is not necessary for the production of progesterone and estradiol

21
Q

Describe the hormonal shift that accompanies parturition

A

Shift from
Progesterone > Estrogen to
Estrogen > Progesterone

22
Q

How does progesterone effect myometrial cells?

A

Progesterone hyperpolarizes the myometrial cells which prevent contractions

23
Q

How does estrodiol prepare the myometrium for delivery?

A
  • Increases oxytocin receptors
  • Promotes uterine contractility
  • Cervical ripening
  • Increases local prostaglandin release from the placenta with causes myometrial contractions
24
Q

What prostaglandins dominate in reproduction?

A

PGF2 and PGE2

25
Q

What are responsible for braxton hicks contractions?

A

Prostaglandins

26
Q

What can you give to stop a delivery?

A

Indomethacin

27
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Stimulates smooth muscle contraction

28
Q

What two things induce oxytocin release during parturition?

A
  • Mechanical stimulation of the cervix at end of gestation

- Forceful interine contractions

29
Q

If no fertilization, what degrades the corpus luteum?

A

PGF2alpha