what features are within the vulva
- labia majora
- labia minora
- clitoris
- bartholin’s gland (vestibular glands)
paired almond-shaped organs found lateral to the uterus in the true pelvis
ovary
ovaries are suspended posterior of the _______ and by the ______ to the uterus
broad ligament
proper ovarial ligament
what 2 functions does the ovaries have
- produce haploid (1n) gamete - ovum
2. produce steroid hormones
what steroid hormones does the ovary produce
- estrogen
- progesterone
- androgens
what are the 4 regions of the ovary
- germinal epithelium
- tunica albuginea
- cortical region
- medullary region
ovary: has no germ cells
- most external layer
- majority of ovarina neoplastic growth (cancer)
germinal epithelium
ovary: deep to germinal epithelium and has whitish, dense CT appearance
tunica albuginea
ovary: oocytes predominate within the STROMA
cortical region
ovary: vasculature and loose CT in this area: contains small groupings of cells that may produce androgens
medullary region
process where diploid (2n) oogonium is converted to a haploid (1n) ovum
oogenesis
(fetal) present after 3rd month of development; undergo mitosis to produce more oocytes
oogonia (2n)
oogonium/oocyte surrounded by simple squamous follicle cell layer
primordial follicle (2n)
growing, postpubescent primordial oocyte with a cuboidal follicle cell layer arrested in diplotene stage of meiosis I
primary follicle (2n)
what are the two stages of the primary follicle
- unilaminar primary follicle
2. multilaminar primary follicle
primary follicle: oocyte with simple cuboidal layer; no antrum
unilaminar
primary follicle: multiple follicular cell layers
multilaminar
secondary oocyte surrounded by a well developed stratum granulosum
secondary follicle (N)
secondary follicle (N) is stimulated by
FSH
what 3 layers does the secondary follicle consist of
- antral cavity filled with liquor folliculi
- theca folliculi
- theca interna: produce androstenedione -> estrogen - granulosa (follicular) layer
secondary oocyte which has matured to preovulatory status. largest of the follicles and found extending through cortex
mature (graafian follicle)
mature (graafian follicle) consists of
- cumulus oophorus
2. corona radiata
mature (graafian follicle): thickened stratum granulosum which has formed a suspending “cloud: for the secondary oocyte
cumulus oophorus
mature (graafian follicle): cells from the cumulus oophorus that immediately surround the oocyte
corona radiata
fertilized secondary oocyte that has completed the secondary meiotic division and has formed also, a 2nd polar body
ovum (N)
occurs around day 14 of a 28 cycle; stimulated by LH
ovulation
temporary endocrine glandL sustained for 10-12 days if fertilization does not occur
corpus luteum
what is the corpus luteum composed of
- granulosa lutein cells
2. theca lutein cells
corpus luteum: enlarged granulosa cells which form the stroma and secrete progesterone
granulosa lutein cells
corpus luteum: small, dark staining cells which secrete estrogen
theca lutein cells
dense CT remnant of corpus luteum that is white in appearance
corpus albicans
degenerated follicles at different stages: some thecal cells may remain and become interstitial cells in cortex which secretes androgens
atretic follicle
what 3 layers make up the uterine (fallopian) tube
- mucosa
- muscularis
- serosa
uterine (fallopian) tubes:
simple columnar ciliated epithelium
peg (non-cilated) - secretory cell that aids ovum movement towards uterus
mucosa
what are the 3 uterine wall layers
- endometrium
- myometrium
- adventitia/serosa
uterus wall: 2 zones
- functional layer (stratum functionale) - coiled arteries
- basal layer (stratum basale) - straight arteries
endometrium
estrogen and progesterone from ovary stimulate changes in the endometrium
menstrual cycle
what are the main phases of the menstrual cycle
- menstrual phase 1-4
- proliferative phase (follicular) 5-14
- ovulation - day 14
- secretory phase (luteal) 15-28
phase stimulated by estrogen produced by theca cells of ovarian folicle
proliferative phase (follicular)
phase where corpus luteum forms and produces progesterone
secretory phase (luteal)
during this phase the progesterone and estrogen levels decrease
menstrual phase
cervix: part found in the uterus, lined by mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium
endocervix
cervix: part of cervix in upper vagina, has stratified squamous nonkeratinized epith.
ectocervix
cervical mucosa has mucous glands called _____ which become cystic
nabothian glands
15-25 lobes of compound tubuloacinar glands that are very similar to apocrine sweat glands
mammary glands