Fetal and Neurologic Injury Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Fetal and Neurologic Injury Deck (6)
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1
Q

_________, ________, and ______ _________ occur in a preordained fashion to establish early neural circuitry

A

Neuronal proliferation, migration, and cellular differentiation

2
Q

. Both forms of migration are guided by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and by structural scaffolds and humoral mediators such as ____ and ________-.

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate

3
Q

Although GABA has an inhibitory action in the mature brain, GABA serves an ______role during fetal brain development.

A

excitatory

4
Q

The ________ than the GABA receptors and remain functionally silent because of magnesium ion–induced channel blockade; thus, they play a limited role during early brain development.

A

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-subtype glutamate receptors originate later

5
Q

Pharmacologic interventions (e.g., ethanol, antiepileptic drugs) that act directly or indirectly on these powerful _____ _______ induce long-lasting impairment of fetal brain development, mainly owing to impaired neurogenesis and/or altered neuronal migration.20–22 Alteration of this excitation-inhibition balance is purported to be responsible for an array of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders.

A

neuromodulator systems

6
Q

Experimental studies reveal that the fetal ______ _______ ______ is morphologically well developed and functionally competent at term.

A

blood-brain barrier