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Flashcards in final bihhhhhh Deck (41)
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1
Q

climax community (steady state)

A

term used to express a community in its final stage of succession

2
Q

how many mechanisms of succession are there

A

3

3
Q

facilitation model

A

a pioneer species makes the way for a future species and hurts itself in the process

4
Q

inhibition model

A

pioneer species inhibits the future growth of other species, but will eventually die off and then the future species can grow

5
Q

tolerant model

A

pioneer species hurts itself but doesn’t have a real effect on the later species

6
Q

resistance

A

ability for an ecosystem to remain unchangeable when subjected to disturbances

7
Q

resilience

A

ability and rate of an ecosystem to recover from a disturbance to its pre-disturbed state

8
Q

food chain

A

sequence of transfer of matter and energy in form food from organism to organism

9
Q

food web

A

natural interconnection of food chains

10
Q

keystone species

A

those w/ an extremely high impact on structure/function of an ecosystem RELATIVE TO ITS POPULATION

11
Q

keystone species have a relatively (low/high) abundance

A

low

12
Q

top-down control

A

species @ the top (predators) control/affect the species at the bottom

13
Q

what is the trophic cascade

A

INDIRECT INTERACTIONS that control entire ecosystems

14
Q

bottom up control

A

species at the bottom (prey) influence the predators

15
Q

foundation species

A

habitat forming organisms that physcially modify the environment, production, and maintain habitats that benefit other organims

16
Q

are foundation species in low or high abundance and what do they do

A

High; STRONG ROLE IN STRUCTURING THE COMMUNITY

17
Q

ecossytem

A

biotic and abiotic components linked together through NUTRIENT CYCLES & ENERGY FLOWS

18
Q

are nutrient cycles and open or closed system? energy flow?

A

closed; open

19
Q

primary production

A

production of NEW organic matter or biomass by AUTOTROPHS in an ecosystem

20
Q

how do autotrophs get energy

A

taking inorganic materials to organic materials

21
Q

gross primary production

A

total product of ALL primary production

NPP=GPP-R

22
Q

secondary production

A

generation of biomass of HETEROTROPHIC (consumers) organisms in a system

23
Q

define trophic level

A

position that an organism occupies in a food chain

24
Q

what factors influence terrestrial primary production

A

temperature
nutrients
moisture

25
Q

where is primary production the highest in an aquatic system & why

A

near the coastline because of nitrite and upwelling

26
Q

what factors influence aquatic primary production

A

temperature

nutrients

27
Q

increasing biodiversity leads to ________ in primary production
increasing the # of consumers leads to ______ in primary production

A

increase

decrease

28
Q

ecological efficiency

A

how much energy transfers from one level to the next

29
Q

geographical ecology

A

study of ecological structure and processes @ LARGE GEOGRAPHIC SCALES

30
Q

island biogeography theory

A

species richness on island can be modeled as a DYNAMIC BALANCE bt IMMIGRATION & EXTINCTION

31
Q

species turnover

A

when species composition CHANGES OVER TIME

32
Q

decomposition

A

organic matter is BROKEN DOWN & water, CO, nutrients are released
organic materials—–> inorganic materials

33
Q

landscape

A

HETEROGENEOUS area consisting of DISTINCTIVE patches organized into a MOSAIC pattern

34
Q

landscape ecology

A

study of interaction bt TEMPORAL & SPATIAL ASPECTS of a landscape & the organisms w/ it

35
Q

ecotone

A

distinct area between 2 habitats

36
Q

ecosystem engineer

A

any organism that creates significantly modfies maintains or destroys a habitat

37
Q

who is the biggest ecosystem engineer

A

humanz

38
Q

at what elevation is species richness the highest

A

mid elevation

39
Q

biodiversity hotspot

A

BIOGEOGRAPHIC region w/ significant levels of BIODIVERSITY that’s threatened by HUMAN habitation

40
Q

umbrella species

A

selected for making conservation related decisions

41
Q

what factors influence decomposition

A

Temp
Moisture
O2
Nutrient level