What are the five steps in preparing medicinal plants
Collecting, drying,storage, infusion and additional preparation
Where is the best place to dry plants
in a dry and dark place, or as thin layers on a flat surface
Where is the best place for plant storage after drying and for how long
Glass jars or paper bags for at least a few years
How long should infusion last for
tea should be steeped for at least 5-10 mins
In syrups, microorganisms cannot develop when sugar content is over ____ %
65%
What is tincture
active ingredients are extracted with ethanol
T or F: 1 in 4 drugs in North America are related to plants
T
___% of medicinal treatments based on plants
75
what is yin, yang
the two complimentary aspects that make up every phenomenon in the universe
How ancient is ayurvedic medicine
4000 ya
Philosophy is a fusion of what two cultures
Hinduism and Buddhism
Who is the doctorine of signatures and the father of toxicology
Paracelsus
The essence of plant treatment against cancer substances is they act as ______ ______
mitotic inhibitors
What is the world tree
Yggdrasil
What is the madagascar periwinkle
used in ayurveda and chinese medicine agains lymphoma
how does the periwinkle fight against lymphoma
alkaloids bind to sites of tubulin inhibiting microtubules
How does the mayapple prevent against cancer
inhibits topoisomerase II
________ is used in the treatment of childhood leukaemia
Teniposide
Amygdalin –> __________
Cyanide
What are phytochemicals
chemicals that occur naturally in vegetables, fruits, grains and seeds that prevent cancer and other diseases
Dithiones in broccoli stimulate what?
the liver and inhbit cancer
What plants are good for heartburn
Peppermint, caraway, fennel, hops
how does peppermint stop indigestion
methanol inhibits smooth muscle
What are some purgatives (laxatives)
aloe, psyllum, rhammus
what is the difference between a bylk and a stimulative purgative
bulk increases the volume of the intestinal wall, stimulative stimulates peristaltic activity
what is psyllium
produces a slippery mass that speeds waste through digestive tract (metamucil)
what is aloe
leaf sap contains antiquinones that stimulate paristalsis
What is an example of an antidiarrheal
goldenseal
What is an example of an anti motion sickness
ginger
what are examples of anthemelminthics
cystene, wormwood, pomegranate
What are some examples of anti gas plants
mint, thyme, rosemary, oregano, balm
define edema
swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues
how to cardiotonic plants work
increase the force of heart muscle contractions without increasing O2 consumption
What are some examples that stop hypertension and how
Snake root, reserpine, garlic, increase norepinephrine
what are an example that stops hypotension and how
ephedra, increases noradrenaline
what is an example that stops cardiac arrhythmia
hawthorn, dialates blood vessels
What is an example that helps with peripheral-cerebral circulatory stimulation
Ginko
What are some plants that reduce cholesterol and blood clots
garlic, oat, flax, soybean
define phytosterols
steroid compounds found in plants that mimic cholesterol
what are some plants that promote prostate health
stinging nettle, saw palmetto, pomegranate and tomato
what are some plants that promote fertility and help with erectile dysfunction
horny goat weed, dodder
what are some plants that act as spermicides
sesbana sesban, justica gedarussa, papaya
define phytoestrogens
steroidal compounds that mimic female reproductive hormones
what are some plants that contain phytoestrogens
soy, flax, nuts, whole grains, fennel, apples, celery, kiwi
when was the first contraceptive made and from what
1952, wild yams
what activates serotonin receptors to aid with menstural cramps
black cohosh
what plant aids in PMS
Dong Quai
What fruit prevents UTIs
Cranberry
What are bronchodialators
relax smooth muscles of the bronchioles, therefore diminishing air obstruction
what are some examples of bronchodialators
ma huang, cameelia tea
what are expectorants
stimulate bronchial secretion and enhance expulsion of mucus, making it easier to cough up plegm
wha t are some examples of expectorants
guaifenesin, vasaka, verbascum, thyme, ivy
what is an examples of an antitussive
opium poppy
what are some aids for the common cold
echinacea, elder, eucalyuptus, menthol
what are some exmaples of sedatives
valerian, hops, passion flower
what is an example for curing anxiety
kava kava
what is an examples for curin gdepression
st. johns wort, rhodiola
what is an example of a plant that cures migranes
feverfew
what are some examples of plants that help with dimentia
narcissus, galanthus, firmoss
define adaptogen and what are some examples
a metabolic regulator which increases the ability of an organism to adapt to stress ex. ginseng and rhodiola
what are some plants that help with wounds
yarrow, witch hazel, marigold
what are some plants that help with burns
arnica
what are some anti inflammatory plants
birch, wintergreen, spinanea
what is salicyclic acid
a phytohormone that mediates plant defense agains pathogens by production of specific proteins and activate other defnese mechanisms
how does asprin work
supresses the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes which is done thorugh the irreversable inactivation of the COX enzyme
what are some antimicrobial palnts
chamomille, tea tree oil
what was the first treatment for malaria
jesuit bark (quinine)
how to hexing herbs work
contain inhibitors of acetylcholine
what are some examples of hexing herbs
mandagora, henbane, belladonna
who defined the nature of witchcraft
Malleus Maleficarum
what is atropine
has a stimulant on the CNS and heart
what are some psychoactive solancae in america
angel trumpet, jimsonweeds, tabacco
what are some characteristics of poppies
sap white, 4 petals, many stamens, latex contains may alkaloids
wht was opium originally used to treat
athsma, motion sickness and bad eyesight
what was morphine originally used for
to treat opium addicts
how synthesized heroin
Hoffman
What are DMT plants
they are structurally analogous to serotonin and bind to the receptors
T or F: many common grasses contain DMT
T
what are MAO inhibitors
used to make DMT orally active
What are some Lysergic acid plants
morning glory, turbina, argyrevia nervosa
What is curane
powerful muscle relaxant that causes death
what is kombe
cardiac relaxant that causes death
what is aconite
causes respiratory paralysis
what is yeww
causes heart faliure
Poison Hemlock is native to?
europe
Spotted water hemlock is native to where
N america
T or F: many plants contain cyanide
T
Who was a professional poisoner in the 17th century
Julia Tofana
How did the KGB kill
Ricin
What is the third most toxic after plutonium and botulism
ricin