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Natural Resource Conservation > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Flashcards in Final Exam Review Deck (29)
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1
Q

Forest Ecosystem Services examples

A

habitat for animals, recreation, sesources (wood, food, watershed, carbon storage)

2
Q

Forest Ownership percentages

A

66% Commercial Timberland, 34% Noncommercial (58% private, 14% forest industry, 18% national, 10% other federal agencies)

3
Q

What are SFI and FSC

A

independant groups that use sustainable measures

4
Q

Silviculture System (even-aged v uneven-aged)

A

a long term harvest system even-aged (clearcutting, seed tree harvest-harvest all but few,+shelterwood harvest-leave enough to protect new seedlings) uneven-aged (selective cutting-high grade trees, single tree harvests, +group tree harvests)

5
Q

What are some non-timber forests products?

A

maple syrup, ginseng, mushrooms, hunting…

6
Q

What are causes of animal extinction

A

Habitat alteration 40% commercial hunting 23% competition with invasives 16% pest control 7% hunted for food 6% pollution 1%

7
Q

Traits of vulnerable species

A

they are specialists-specific niches, low reproductive rates, nonadaptive behaviors, initial population size was already small(islands)

8
Q

Zoo-botanical garden approach

A

last ditch effort to conserve, holds plants+animals in captivity and attempts to breed them

9
Q

Species approach

A

conservation method where you study the niche of a species and find out how you can improve or manage the habitat (doesn’t look out for other species though)

10
Q

Ecosystem Approach

A

most effective conservation method and least costly, protect habitat with buffer zones and wildlife corridors

11
Q

Recombinant DNA Tech

A

insertion of 1 or more genes from one organism into another

12
Q

Transformation Cassette steps

A
  1. prepare tissue for transformation 2. introduce DNA 3. culture plant tissue 4. field test plants
13
Q

Dingell-Johnson Act

A

Federal aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act (excise tax on fishing equipment)

14
Q

impact of overfishing

A

people select larger fish, so only small immature fish left, decreasing fertility rates

15
Q

impact of dams

A

cause habitat destruction, disrupt migration patterns

16
Q

impact of invasive species

A

predation, direct competition for food+habitat, change food webs, more parasites

17
Q

ways to overcome overfishing, dams, and invasives

A

use individual quota system (# of each fish species allowed to have), marine protected areas, some intensive aquaculture

18
Q

Extensive aquaculture

A

no feed or fertilizer system, low density population-let it go on naturally simplest

19
Q

Semi-intensive aquaculture

A

increase stocking rates and fertilize

20
Q

Intensive aquaculture

A

add feed, has high stocking rates

21
Q

challenges for aquaculture

A

where to put them, getting the fish the protein they need for growth

22
Q

Micropile

A

opening on a fish egg where the sperm enters

23
Q

home range of a species

A

the area needed for an animal to meet all it needs (food, mating, shelter…)

24
Q

The Edge Effect

A

the boundaries between different ecosystems tend to have high densities of populations

25
Q

animal mortality factors

A

disease, proximity to humans (roadkill, habitat loss, hunting, pollution), predation, starvation. these all vary by species

26
Q

Greenhouse gas effect

A

greenhouse gases can absorb and emit infrared radiation, increasing the temp (methane, H2O, CO2, NOx, Ozone+Chlorofluorocarbone-refrigerants)

27
Q

What is causing the climate to change

A

influx of greenhouse gases, natiral variation (volcanoes, changes in orbit+tilt, solar activity changes, chaotic events),+deforestation

28
Q

methods of monitoring climate change

A

measuring thickness of tree rings, measurinf content of air bubbles in ice cores, using phenology (cyclic natural phenomena like migration+bloom dates)

29
Q

effects of climate change on wildlife, fish, and forests

A

wildlife-will have to move north, specialists may die out, hybridization may occur,(effects reproduction, availability of food+habitat, increases disease) fish-growth+reproduction depend on temp forests-will become drier (fires), more pest/disease outbreaks, growth will slow