Stimulates calcitriol production
PTH
Inhibits PTH secretion
Calcitriol
Lowers blood calcium levels
Calcitonin
Binds to receptors in the digestive tract and stimulates the production of enzymes that transfer Calcium from the digestive tract into the blood
Calcitriol
Precursor for Calcitriol
Vit D3
Stimulates osteoclast activity by causing osteoclasts to secrete a stimulatory cytokine
PTH
Stimulates osteoblasts to build bone
Calcitonin
Produced by cells in the kidney
Calcitriol
Produces by cells in the thyroid gland
Calcitonin
Stimulates excretion of phosphate in urine
PTH
Increases the rate of excretion of CA++ into urine and feces
Calcitonin
Stimulates the uptake of Ca++ into mammary glands for lactation
PTHrp
Prolactin stimulates the production of __
Calcitriol
Low blood calcium directly stimulates the secretion of ___
PTH
Elevated blood calcium stimulates the secretion of ___
Calcitonin
Inhibits the actions of osteoclasts
Calcitonin
A person experiencing extensive bone demineralization, painful abdominal cramps, depressed mood and kidney stones is most likely to be suffering from..
PTH secreting tumor
WHich hormone can decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis? A. GH B. Calcitonin C. Estrogen D. Androgen E. All of these
E
Inadequate mineralization of bone with adequate protein matrix production is the result of…
Vit D3 deficiency
Which hormone stimulates testosterone production by the testes?
LH
WHich hormone plays a role in spermatogenesis? A. Testosterone B. FSH C. Relaxin D. All of these
D
Which level of prolactin increases the ability of testicular leydig cells to respond to LH?
Normal male levels of Prolactin
Which hormone can stimulate testosterone production?
Testicular gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone
Testicular Sertoli cells do all of the following except A. Regulate Sperm production B. Produce inhibin C. Produce testosterone D. Convert testosterone into estrogen
C
WHich hormone exerts negative feedback regulation on FSH secretion?
Inhibin
Which hormone exerts negative feedback on LH secretion?
Testosterone
The prostaglandins found in the seminal fluid are produced by the ___
seminal vesicles
Sperm maturation occurs in the __
epididymis
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone stimulates the secretion of __ and __
LH
FSH
WHich hormone is not correctly matched with the structure that produces it? A. GRH- Anterior Pituitary B. Melatonin- Pineal C. Oxytocin- Hypothalamus D. FSH- Anterior Pituitary
A
Testosterone stimulates all of the following except..
A. Embryonic Differentiation of the indifferent gonad into a testis
B. Embryonic development of the male reproductive tract
C. Development of the secondary sexual characteristics of males at puberty
D. Libido in both human males and females
C
In the female, LH stimulates
A. maturation of primordial follicles into primary follicles
B. Maturation of primary follicles into secondary follicles
C. Maturation of secondary follicles into tertiary follicles
D. ovulation
E. All of the above
E
Atresia of tertiary follicles can be the result of excessive levels of __
LH
Ovarian granulosa cells produce all of the following except A. Anti Mullerian Hormone B. Androgens C. Inhibin D. IGFs E. Estrogen
B
Estrogen can stimulate the ovarian granulosa cells to A. undergo mitosis B. develop more FSH receptors C. Produce more estrogen D. All of these
D
Theca Interna cells do all of the following except..
A. Produce androgens
B. Serve as nurse cells to oocytes
C. Produce estrogens
D. Differentiate into luteal cells and produce progesterone
B
Increased secretion of Gonadotrophin Releasing hormone that drives the ovulation is caused by
A. decline of estrogen levels at the end of the follicular phase
B. The rise of estrogen production at the end of the follicular phase
C. Atresia of the preovulatory follicle
D. Death of the corpus luteum
B
What rescues the corpus luteum from luteolysis?
Human chorionic gonadotrophin
During most of the follicular phase, secretion of GnRH by the cyclic center of the hypothalamus is suppressed by…
GABA
During the luteal phase , secretion of the GnRH by the cyclic center of the hypothalamus is suppressed by..
Endorphines
WHich hormone suppresses GnRH secretion by the cyclic center during the luteal phase?
Progesterone
Progesterone stimulates all of the following except
A. secretion of nutrients into the uterine lumen
B. Stimulates uterine endometrium growth during the proliferative phase of the uterus
C. Development of the glandular structure of the uterine endometrium
D. Development of the glandular structure of mammary glands
B
Which molecule inhibits uterine contractions?
Progesterone
Which molecule stimulates uterine contractions?
Estrogen
Which hormone causes the softening of the uterine cervical connective tissue allowing it to stretch at partuition?
Relaxin
Estrogen causes all of the following except
A. Inhibition of gap junction formation between uterine myometrial cells
B. Production of a large volume of watery cervical mucus that promotes sperm survical
C. Keratinization of vaginal epithelium that protects the female reproductive tract from infection and damage
D. Contractions of the fimbria of the oviduct at the time of ovulation
A
Which hormone stimulates fetal growth and protein synthesis, causes insulin insensitivity and stimulates lipolysis in the mother towards the end of pregnancy?
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
*AKA Placental Lactogen
Which signal begins the process of partuition
Increased secretion of cortisol by the fetal adrenal
The fetal adrenal gland plays a role in
A. Determining when partuition should begin
B. Producing androgens (DHEA) to stimulate fetal growh
C. Producing cortisol at the end of pregnancy to stimulate fetal maturation
D. Producing androgens to serve as a precursor for placental production of estrogen
E. All of the above
E
Lactation has all of the following effects on the mother except
A. Hastening the return of ovulatory cycles
B. Stimulating endorphin release to improve the mother’s mood
C. Making it easier for the mother to lose body fat by mobilizing her energy stores for milk production
D. Stimulating uterine contractions and returning the uterus to a smaller size faster..
A
Which hormone is not correctly matched with its action on mammary glands?
A. Oxytocin- stimulates release of milk
B. Oxytocin- Stimulates milk synthesis
C. Prolactin- stimulates milk synthesis
D. Progesterone- Inhibits the activation of enzymes involved in milk synthesis
B