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Flashcards in Final revision Deck (33)
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1
Q

Main risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes

A
  • obesity
  • use of insulin during pregnancy
  • fasting glucose levels from OGTT in pregnancy
  • impaired glucose tolerance postpartum
  • ethnic group
2
Q

If you have type 1/2 diabetes, you should receive an anomaly scan when?

A

Week 18

3
Q

Glucose levels to confirm GD

A
  • fasting >5.1

- 2 hours: >8.5

4
Q

Target glucose levels for GD

A
  • fasting: 3.5-5.9

- 1 hour post prandial:

5
Q

Which illegal drug is defos associated with preterm birth

A

Coccaine

6
Q

Infections which could cause poor fetal growth

A

Rubella

CMV

7
Q

How can you assess fetal growth?

A
  • Ultrasound

- Growth charts

8
Q

What are accelerations?

A

An increase in fetal heart rate at the start of a uterine contraction returning to the baseline rate before or sometimes after the contraction

-indicates good reflex reactivity of the fetal circulation

9
Q

What is loss of baseline variability?

A

Baseline fetal heart rate/variability of less than 5 beats per minute

10
Q

What are late decelerations?

A

Decelerations where the lowest point is past the peak of the contraction

-often associated with asphyxia

11
Q

What does the biophysical profile look at?

A

Ultrasound to asses:

  • movement
  • tone
  • liquor volume
  • breathing movements

Score out of 10:
8-10: satisfactory
4-6: repeat
0-2: deliver

12
Q

Gram negative STI

A

chlamydia

13
Q

Post coital or intermenstrual bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis

A

Chlamydia (female presentation)

14
Q

Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Urethritis
Epididymo-orchitis

A

Chlamydia (male presentation)

15
Q

How could chlamydia present in neonates?

A

Conjunctivitis

Pneumonia

16
Q

Reiter’s syndrome

A

Typically affects younger males:

  • urethritis
  • conjunctivitis
  • arthritis
17
Q

Which STI could result in reiter’s syndrome?

A

Chlamydia

18
Q

Which STI could result in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?

A

Chalmydia

19
Q

When do you test for chlamydia?

A

2 weeks after exposure

20
Q

Chlamydia treatment

A

Either Azithromycin 1g once, or doxycycline for a week

21
Q

Gram negative intracellular diplococcus

A

Gonorrhoea

22
Q

Primary sites of infection are the mucous membranes of the urethra, endocervix, rectum, and pharynx

A

Gonorrhoea

23
Q

Incubation period for gonorrhoea

A

2-5 days

24
Q

Asymptomatic - ≤10%
Urethral discharge – >80%
Dysuria
Pharyngeal/rectal infections – mostly asymptomatic

A

Gonorrhoea presentation (males)

25
Q

Asymptomatic (up to 50%)
Increased/altered vaginal discharge (40%)
Dysuria
Pelvic pain (

A

Gonorrhoea presentation (females)

26
Q

Gonorrhoea treatment

A
  • Cetriaxone
  • give azithromycin as well regardless of chlamydia result
  • TEST OF CURE IN ALL PATIENTS
27
Q

This is the most highly infectious lesion in syphilia

A

Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)

28
Q

How can you look to see if syphilis has relapsed? (clue RPR)

A

RPR increased by 4 fold suggests relapse (RPR looks for antibodies)

29
Q

Dark microscopy and PCR are used to look at which STI?

A

Syphilis

30
Q

Patchy alopecia

A

Syphilis

31
Q

Genital herpes is more common with which HSV?

A

HSV 2

32
Q

The most common viral STI in the UK

A

HPV

33
Q

Genital warts are caused by which HPV strains?

A

HPV 6 and 11