Fracture Review

Question 1

Fracture and inflammation

Answer 1

Fibroblasts, PML, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells all present

Question 2

Soft callus formation

Answer 2

Cartilage growing in between 2 layers of broken bone

Osteoblasts growing inward

Capillaryy ingrowth

Question 3

Remodeling

Answer 3

At first, all lamellar bone, then becomes cortical bone

Question 4

Spiral fractures

Answer 4

Complete fractures of long bo
nes that result from rotational force

Usually from high energy trauam and likely displacement

Question 5

Oblqieu fractures

Answer 5

2 views important because can look similar to spiral

Question 6

Tvs fracture

Answer 6

Complete and transceer perpinduclar to axis of bone

Involves cortex circumfertially and may be displacement

Question 7

Communited fracture

Answer 7

More than bone components are created

Very hetereogenous group

Question 8

Greenstick fracture

Answer 8

Long bones and seen in young children

often mid-diaphyseal affecting forearm and lower leg

Question 9

Torus/buvckel fracture

Answer 9

Incomplete fracture of shaft of a long bone with pulgiing of the cortex

Trabecular compression from axial loading force

Distal radial metaphysis

Question 10

Varus vs. valgus

Answer 10

Vlagus is knock kness

Varus is open

Question 11

Intra-articular fractures

Answer 11

Often need surgical repair

Question 12

Compound fractures

Answer 12

Rangefrom minor puncture to grossly open

Clinical diagnosis

Antibiotic time of 60 minutes

Question 13

Supracondylar fracture types

Answer 13

1 - nondisplaced…fat pad sign indicative of cortex fracture…recommend posterior long arm aplint

2) incomplete displacement - loss of anterior humeral head line
3) Complete displacement…ortho consult and surgery

Question 14

Knee dislocation

Answer 14

Popliteal artery

Need urgent reduction

CTA of lower extremity for vascular injur y

Question 15

Clinical features of non-accidental trauma

Answer 15

Trauma in non-amb or dependetn children

Delay in seeking med attention

Multiple fractures or fractures in different stages

Question 16

Classic metaphyseal lesions pathognomic

Answer 16

Metaphyseal corneer fracture (bucket handle fractures)

Question 17

Rib pathognomic fractures

Answer 17

Posterior rib fractures

Question 18

Pedaitric abuse pitfalls

Answer 18

ITP
Hemophilia
OI
Toddler’s feracture - spiral midshaft tibial fracture

Question 19

Pathologic fractures

Answer 19

Due to tumors or metabolic states

Question 20

Process of fractuee healing

Answer 20

Crotex fracture
Inflamm
Hematoma 
Blood vessel invasion
Cartilgae grwoth
Ossification
Remodeling

Question 21

Fall on outstretched hand

Answer 21

Scaphoid 
Distal radius
Distal ulnar
Humeral supracondylar 
Clavicle

Question 22

Fall from standing

Answer 22

Proximal femur
Acetabular
Rib
FOOSH

Question 23

Knee versus dashboard

Answer 23

Tibial plateau fracture
Knee dislocation
Patellar fracutre
Distal femur fracture
Posterior hip dislocation
Acetabular fracture

Question 24

Other pediatric abuse signs

Answer 24

Scap or sternal fractues
Skull fractures
Central brusing
Extremitiy brusing prior to ambulation
Retinal hemorrhage