France, Sudan

Question 1

How did British try to allay french accusations they used the nationalist uprising as an excuse to take over Egypt

Answer 1

Britain ordered withdrawal of British troops from Sudan 1884 but this ended in siege at Khartoum and death of general Gordon and led to British humiliation

Question 2

In the late 1890s how didBritain try to avenge general Gordon

Answer 2

By annexing Sudan with armed force, this annoyed French and led to the Fashoda incident

Question 3

Date of Fashoda incident

Answer 3

18th September 1898

Question 4

What happens at Fashoda

Answer 4

Bungled attempt by French to recapture fort at Fashoda in Sudan

Question 5

How did Fashoda incident end

Answer 5

Almost led to war but french backed down and agreed to Sudan becoming a British sphere of influence

Question 6

Between 1888 and 1898 what did Europeans rlly want to get to in Africa

Answer 6

The headwaters of the Nile

Question 7

Which European countries wanted to find the headwaters of the Nile

Answer 7

Britain Germany Italy France Belgium

Question 8

Why did France want to find the headwaters of the Nile

Answer 8

Their bid for the shores of the white nike was intended to overturn the new political order in Egypt

Question 9

The only way for France to regain rightful influence in Egypt

Answer 9

Agrressive challenge to Britain somewhere on the upper Nile

Question 10

Summer of 1895 mission by France led by

Answer 10

Captain John-Baptiste Marchand

Question 11

Who led Egyptian and Sudanese armies against french

Answer 11

Sir Herbert Kitchener

Question 12

How did Kitchener handle Egypt well

Answer 12

Model of logistic efficiency of a single track fighting line which impressed war correspondents who sent back enthusiastic reports for the public

Question 13

What was the invasion of Sudan seen as to British public

Answer 13

Crusade for civilisation and vengeance for the death of General Gordon

Question 14

What also intensified British public interest in fighting the Khalifah in Sudan in 1897-8

Answer 14

British troops sent

Question 15

Climax of war between Khalifah and Kitchener date

Answer 15

2nd September 1898

Question 16

When Khalifah’s army delivered a sequence of frontal attacks on 2nd September 1898 what did kitcheners army do

Answer 16

Their attacks were repelled by long range rifle and machine gun fire which killed 11,000 and wounded a further 16,000
Tantamount to massacre which illustrated gulf between technology of Africa and Britain

Question 17

Accounts of outrages at Omdurman

Answer 17

So much looting by Kitchener that a group of MPs to take the unprecedented step of opposing the payment of a £30,000 reward to Kitchener for his work in the Sudan

He got it in the end tho

Question 18

After capture of Khartoum

Answer 18

Sudan wld be governed jointly by Britain and Egypt thru a British governor-general

Question 19

What happened when Kitchener found out about captain Marchand at Fashoda

Answer 19

He’d been givensevret orders to evict them without forcé but Kitchener didn’t think they needed to be taken seriously
Kitchener hoisted the Egyptian flag over Fashoda rather than a British one tactfully so Marchand withdrew believing he upheld his country’s honour

Question 20

French then accused Britain of bullying following Fashoda, how did the public react?

Answer 20

The public, having been elated by victory at Omdurman and upset by recent concessions in the Far East, backed the British governments unbending policy that said France possesses no claim to any region of upper Nile

Question 21

What was British rule in Sudan like

Answer 21

Difficult took 30 years to subdue the tribes of souther Sudan and 33 expeditions to persuade tribesmen of Nuba mountains to accept the new order

Question 22

What did lord Cromer say about Sudan in 1908, ten years following Fashoda incident

Answer 22

The less attention is drawn to these matters the better

After public hanging a following suppression of another small uprising in Sudan 1908

Question 23

Who was general Gordon

Answer 23

Governor-General of Egyptian administered Sudan

Question 24

Who was general Gordon opposed by

Answer 24

Sudanese Islamic cleric Muhammad Ahmad who in 1881 proclaimed himself the saviour of mankind

Question 25

What did Mahdi do in Sudan 1881

Answer 25

Transformed energing political movement into a jihadist army seeking to liberate Sudan from outside influence
By 1882 he had taken over Khartoum, Sudanese capital

Question 26

In 1883 what did Britain do abt Mahdi in Sudan

Answer 26

1883 colonel William hicks launched counter attack

Hicks KILLED

Question 27

After colonel William hicks was killed what did Gladstone do

Answer 27

Orders general Gordon to oversee evacuation of Egyptian and British forces from Khartoum 1884

Question 28

What happened to Gordon’s mission

Answer 28

Brit forced overrun January 1885
Virtually entire garrison killed
General Gordon beheaded

Question 29

Where was statue of general Gordon erected

Answer 29

Trafalgar Square