Funeral Service Sciences: Glossary Flashcards
(588 cards)
1
Q
Localized accumulation of pus
A
Abscess
2
Q
This term is applied to a lesser structure that resembles a similar organ in structure and function, such as the accessory pancreatic duct
A
- Accessory
- Auxillary
- Assisting
3
Q
A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in aqueous solution
A
Acids
4
Q
Presents itself after birth
A
Acquired
5
Q
Hyperfunction of pituitary gland after ossification has been completed
A
Acromegaly
6
Q
A disease with a more or less rapid onset and short duration
A
Acute
7
Q
A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil
A
- Adipocere
* Gravewax
8
Q
A protein found in blood plasma
A
Albumin
9
Q
An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups
A
Alcohols
10
Q
Hydroxyl group
A
(-OH)
11
Q
An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups
A
Aldehyde
12
Q
The digestive system tube from the mouth to the anus, including the mouth or buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines
A
Alimentary canal
13
Q
Having a hypersensitivity to a substance that does not normally cause a reaction
A
Allergies
14
Q
An acquired, abnormal immune response to a substance that does not normally cause a reaction
A
- Allergy
* Hypersensitivity
15
Q
Substance that does not normally cause a reaction
A
Allergen
16
Q
Congenital absence of one or more limbs
A
Amelia
17
Q
An organic compound containing nitrogen
A
Amines
18
Q
Any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals
A
Amines
19
Q
General formula for primary amines
A
R-NH2
20
Q
The building blocks of proteins
A
Amino acid
21
Q
A compound containing an amino group, a carboxyl group attached to an alpha carbon and a radical
A
Amino acid
22
Q
Amino group
A
-NH2
23
Q
Carboxyl group
A
-COOH
24
Q
Any compound that can act as both an acid and a base in solution
A
Amphoteric
25
Example: amino acid
Amphoteric
26
Generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue
Anasarca
27
The branch of science dealing with the study of the structure of the body
Anatomy
28
A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin or both
Anemia
29
A localized dilation of a blood vessel
Aneurysm
30
The study of vessels
Angiology
31
Mutual opposition or contrary action
Antagonism
32
The inhibition of one microorganism by another
Antagonism
33
Glycoprotein substance developed by the body in response to, and interacting specifically with, an antigen
* Antibody
| * Immunoglobulin
34
Chemicals used to keep the blood in the liquid state
Anticoagulants
35
Chemical agents that retard the tendency of the blood to become more viscous by natural post mortem processes and / or prevent other adverse reactions between the blood and the other embalming chemicals
Anticoagulants
36
A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that react specifically with it
Antigen
37
The prevention or inhibiting of the growth of causative microorganisms
Antisepsis
38
Before or in front of
* Anterior
| * Ventral
39
Refers to the front side of the body
* Anterior
| * Ventral
40
Dilution or weakening of virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing pathogenicity
Attenuation
41
Failure of a tissue or an organ to develop normally
Aplasia
42
The bony structure that makes up the pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, and lower extremities
Appendicular skeleton
43
The concentrated, preservative embalming chemical that will be diluted with water (or another appropriate vehicle such as alcohol) to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming
* Arterial fluid
| * Vascular fluid
44
Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Arteriosclerosis
45
The place of union between two or more bones
Articulation
46
Joint
Articulation
47
Accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity
Ascities
48
A form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer or arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
49
The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element
Atom
50
A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue
Atrophy
51
Self-digestion or self-destruction of the body by autolytic enzymes
Autolysis
52
A postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition
Autopsy
53
Those chemicals specifically designed for use in the preparation of bodies following an autopsy
Autopsy chemicals
54
Self-nourishing bacteria
Autotrophic bacteria
55
Bones in the axial skeleton
80
56
Includes the skull, vertebrae, thorax and hyoid bone
Axial skeleton
57
Rod-shaped bacteria
* Bacillus
| * Bacilli
58
The presence of bacteria in the blood
Bacteremia
59
A prokaryotic one-celled microorganism of the Kingdom Monera, existing as free-living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission and having a large range of biochemical properties
Bacteria
60
A visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium, presumably arising from a single microorganism
Bacterial colony
61
An agent that destroys bacteria but not necessarily their spores
Bactericide
62
Science that studies bacteria
Bacteriology
63
A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Bases
64
Refers to the symmetry of paired organs, or to an organism whose right and left halves are similar images of each other, or in which a median section divides the organism into equivalent right and left halves
Bilateral symmetry
65
Pertaining to bile
Biliary
66
The organs and ducts that participate in the secretion, storage, and delivery of bile to the duodenum
Biliary tract
67
A method of asexual reproduction involving halving of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell followed by the development of each half into a new individual
Binary fission
68
That branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms
Biochemistry
69
An arthropod vector in which the disease causing organism multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual
Biological vector
70
A membranous sac or receptacle for a secretion or excretion
Bladder
71
The rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor state by forming bubbles through the action of heat
Boiling
72
The term for the point of equilibrium between the liquid and gas states of matter and typically employed when the temperature is increasing
Boiling
73
Relating to the cheek or mouth
Buccal
74
Substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original, or constant pH, of the solution
Buffers
75
A general state of ill-health, associated with emaciation
Cachexia
76
A sheath or continuous enclosure around an organ or structure
Capsule
77
The membrane that surrounds some bacterial cells
Capsule
78
A loose gel-like structure that in pathogenic bacteria, helps to protect against phagocytosis
Capsule
79
A compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol
Carbohydrates
80
Examples: sugars, starches, and glycogen
Carbohydrates
81
Several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue
Carbuncle
82
The study of the heart
Cardiology
83
A canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone that transmits the internal carotid artery and the internal carotid plexus of sympathetic nerves
Carotid canal
84
Formation of cavities in an organ or tissue
Cavitation
85
Frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis
Cavitation
86
Concentrated embalming chemicals which are injected into the cavities of the body following aspiration in cavity embalming
Cavity fluid
87
Can be used for surface and hypodermic embalming of the problem areas
Cavity fluid
88
Situated at or pertaining to a center point
Central
89
A large group of nonmotile, gram negative intracellular parasites
Chlamydia
90
A change in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed
Chemical changes
91
Characteristics that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change of chemical composition
Chemical properties
92
The branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, with the changes that matter undergoes, and with the energy associated with each of these changes
Chemistry
93
Funnel shaped openings, especially of the posterior nares
Choanae
94
One of the communication passageways between the nasal fossae and the pharynx
Choanae
95
A disease with a more or less slow onset and long duration
Chronic
96
Congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the midline
Cleft palate
97
Study of disease by means of body secretions, excretions, and other body fluids performed in the laboratory in the diagnosis of a disease
Clinical pathology
98
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde
Coagulation
99
The type of bacteria that is spherical or ovoid in form
* Coccus
| * Cocci
100
A solution-like system in which the size of the solute particle is between 1 and 100 nanometers
Colloid
101
Particles of solute pass through filters but not membranes
Colloid
102
The part of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum
Colon
103
The rapid oxidation or burning that produces heat and light
Combustion
104
The symbiotic relationship of two organisms of different species in which one gains some benefit such as protection or nourishment and the other is not harmed or benefited
Commensalism
105
A disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another
Communicable
106
An unfavorable condition arising during the course of disease
Complication
107
A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass
Compounds
108
A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute
Concentrated solution
109
The ratio of mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent
Concentrations
110
One of the three nasal conchae
Concha
111
A scroll-like bone
Concha
112
The immediate and temporary disturbance of brain function
Concussion
113
A change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid
Condensation
114
A curved protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation
Condyle
115
Existing at the time of birth or shortly thereafter
Congenital
116
Accumulation of an excess of blood or tissue fluid in a body part
Congestion
117
The act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an area or substance
Contamination
118
A bruise often accompanied with swelling
Contusion
119
The outer layer of an organ as distinguished from the inner medulla, as in the adrenal gland or kidney
Cortex
120
A congenital condition due to hypothyroidism resulting in mental retardation
Cretinism
121
Condition in which the descent of a testis into the scrotum si arrested at some point in the normal path
* Cryptorchism
| * Cryptorchildism
122
The process by which a substance is given definite form
Crystallization
123
A normal or abnormal bending away
Curvature
124
A curve
Curvature
125
Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen
Cyanosis
126
A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid
Cyst
127
Of or pertaining to a sac-like structure
Cystic
128
Pertaining to the gallbladder
Cystic
129
Pertaining to the urinary bladder
Cystic
130
The gradual decomposition of dead organic matter by the enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Decay
131
Below the surface
Deep
132
Disease due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance
Deficiency
133
The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury
Degeneration
134
Loss of moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem
Dehydration
135
The removal of water from a substance
* Dehydration
| * Desiccation
136
Generally used to indicate the natural loss of water
Dehydration
137
Used when a substance is intentionally caused to lose water
Desiccation
138
The disruption and breakdown of the secondary structure of a protein by heat or chemicals
Denaturation
139
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
Deodorants
140
Reduction of the toxic properties of a poisonous substance
Detoxification
141
The term denoting the naming of the disease or syndrome
Diagnosis
142
To recognize the nature of a disease
Diagnosis
143
An organic compound containing two aldehyde radicals
Dialdehyde
144
Aldehyde
-CHO
145
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached
Diffusion
146
The condition of the heart being enlarged, occurring normally, artificially, or as a result of disease
* Dilatation
| * Dilation
147
A solution containing relatively small amount of solute
Dilute solution
148
A double bacillus, two being linked end to end
Diplobacilli
149
A diplobacilli causing conjunctivitis
Morax-Aexenfeld
150
A genus of bacteria that occur in pairs
Diplococcus
151
Farthest from the center, from a medial line, or from the trunk
Distal
152
Opposite of proximal
Distal
153
A chemical or physical agent that kills disease-causing microorganisms
Disinfectant
154
The destruction of disease-causing microorganisms by chemical or physical means
Disinfection
155
Toward the back
* Dorsal
| * Posterior
156
Opposite of anterior
* Dorsal
| * Posterior
157
Resistant, as in bacteria, to the action of a drug or drugs
Drug-fast
158
Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed
Dry gangrene
159
Example: ischemic necrosis
Dry gangrene
160
A natural or synthetic compound that is used to impart color to another material
Dyes
161
Abnormal development of tissue
Dysplasia
162
Small, non-elevated hemorrhagic patch
Ecchymosis
163
Extravasation of blood into a tissue
Ecchymosis
164
The implantation of the fertilized ovum in a site other than the normal one in the uterine cavity
Ectopic pregnancy
165
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities
* Edema
| * Dropsy
166
A simple substance which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means
Elements
167
Excessive wasting away of the body
Emaciation
168
The study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of human remains
Embalming chemistry
169
The fluids specifically designed for preservation and disinfection purposes
Embalming fluids
170
Free floating object in the blood stream
Embolism
171
A prominence or projection, especially of a bone
Eminence
172
Pus in the pleural cavity
Empyema
173
Disease that occurs continuously in a particular region, but has low mortality
Endemic
174
A disease that is continuously present in a community
Endemic
175
Pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine
176
Produced or arising from within a cell or organism
Endogenous infection
177
A thick-walled spore within a bacterium
Endospores
178
Bacterial toxin confined within the cell wall of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down, found only in gram negative bacteria
Endotoxin
179
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst
Enzyme
180
Appearance of an infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time in the same geographical area
Epidemic
181
A disease that is currently in higher than normal numbers
Epidemic
182
A chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and frequently by convulsions
Epilepsy
183
Bleeding from the nose
Epistaxis
184
A compound with the general formula RCOOR'
Ester
185
R in RCOOR'
Hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen
186
R' in RCOOR'
hydrocarbon group
187
Formed from an alcohol and organic (or carboxylic) acid by removal of water (dehydration)
Ester
188
The study of the cause of disease
Etiology
189
Increase in severity of a disease
Exacerbation
190
Pertaining to a gland that delivers its secretion through a duct
Exocrine
191
Originating outside an organ or part
Exogenous infections
192
A toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium
Exotoxin
193
Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained
Exsanguination
194
Exterior
External
195
The opposite of internal
External
196
The lateral, outer opening of the external auditory canal
External auditory meatus
197
Fluid or cellular debris exuding from blood vessels and deposited in tissues or tissue surfaces
Exudate
198
Usually a result of inflammation
Exudate
199
A microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that it can live and grow in the presence of oxygen
Facultative aerobe
200
An organism that prefers an oxygen environment but is capable of living and growing in its absence
Facultative anaerobe
201
Prefers live organic matter as a source of nutrition but can adapt to the use of dead organic matter under certain conditions
Facultative saprophyte
202
A common name for a triacylglycerol that is a semisolid or solid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids
Fats
203
Pertaining to or characterized by fever
Febrile
204
The microbial (enzymatic) decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions
Fermentation
205
One in which the organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body
Focal infection
206
Any inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted
Fomite
207
A temporarily unossified area on the surface of the cranium of an infant
Fontanel
208
Formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weight and 40% by volume
Formalin
209
That amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to become coagulated
* Formaldehyde demand
| * Glutaraldehyde demand
210
A shallow depression
Fossa
211
A change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat
Freezing
212
The term for the point of equilibrium between the solid and liquid states and typically employed when the temperature is decreasing
Freezing
213
Having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal
Fulminating
214
A condition or disease in which there is no recognizable change in anatomy
Functional
215
A substance that kills fungi
Fungicide
216
A group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous
* Fungus
| * Fungi
217
An abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle
Furuncle
218
A state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one another
Gases
219
Have no definite shape or volume and assume the shape and volume of their container by diffusing uniformly throughout the container
Gases
220
An infection that becomes systemic
General infection
221
Deals with the study of the widespread processes of disease, without reference to particular organs or organ systems
General pathology
222
Examples: inflammation, degeneration, necrosis or cellular death, repair, etc
General pathology
223
A substance that destroys microorganisms
Germicide
224
A secretory organ or structure
Gland
225
A cell or group of cells that can manufacture a secretion
Gland
226
Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency
Goiter
227
Study of changes in structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eye as a result of disease
Gross pathology
228
The condition of water that results from dissolved minerals and metallic ions such as calcium and magnesium
Hardness of water
229
Vomiting of blood
Hematemesis
230
Tumor like swelling of blood
Hematoma
231
Discharge of red blood cells in the urine
Hematuria
232
An inherited hemorrhagic disease characterized by a tendency to excessive and sometime spontaneous bleeding
Hemophilia
233
Blood in sputum
Hemoptysis
234
Escape of blood from blood vascular system
Hemorrhage
235
Genetic characteristics transmitted from parent to offspring
Hereditary
236
Abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through an abnormal opening in the wall that normally contains it
Hernia
237
A gland that has both endocrine and exocrine functions
Heterocrine
238
Example: pancreas
Heterocrine
239
Organisms that must obtain their nourishment from complex organic matter
Heterotrophic bacteria
240
Chemicals that increase the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture
Humectants
241
A compound in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize
Hydrates
242
Abnormal collection of fluid in any sacculated cavity in the body
Hydrocele
243
Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
Hydrocephalus
244
A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or dissociated by water
Hydrolysis
245
A reaction between a salt and water to yield an acid and a base of unequal strengths
Hydrolysis
246
Distention of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine as a result of obstruction
Hydronephrosis
247
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac
Hydropericardium
248
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
Hydrothorax
249
Excess of blood in an area of the body
Hyperemia
250
The increase size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells
Hyperplasia
251
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypertonic solution
252
The enlargement of an organ or part due to the increase in size of cells composing it
Hypertrophy
253
Chlorine containing compounds
* Hypochlorites
| * Bleaches
254
Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body
Hypoplasia
255
A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypotonic solution
256
Results from the adverse activity of medical personnel
Iatrogenic
257
Of uknown cause
Idiopathic
258
Example: essential hypertension
Idiopathic
259
The swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources
Imbibition
260
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of solution
Index
261
Usually refers to a percentage
Index
262
Percent of formaldehyde gas in an embalming fluid with an index of 25
25%
263
Synonymous with "normal flora"
Indigenous flora
264
Indicates the microbial population that lives with the host in a healthy condition
Indigenous flora
265
The formation of an area of necrosis in a tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area
Infarction
266
The state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects
Infection
267
The entry, establishment and multiplication of pathogenic organisms within a host
Infection
268
Beneath
Inferior
269
Lower
Inferior
270
Used medically in reference to the undersurface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure
Inferior
271
The process of seepage or diffusion into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present
Infiltration
272
A tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain and sometimes loss of function
Inflammation
273
That branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon-containing compounds
Inorganic chemistry
274
A substance that kills insects
Insecticide
275
Relating to the integument
Integumentary
276
A covering
Integumentary
277
Example: skin
Integumentary
278
Within the body
Internal
279
Within or on the inside
Internal
280
The opposite of external
Internal
281
State of being intoxicated
Intoxication
282
Being poisoned by a drug or toxic substance
Intoxication
283
Extravasation of blood within the skull
Intracranial hemorrhage
284
A compound consisting of iodine combined with a carrier, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone
Iodophores
285
Often used as a preoperative skin disinfectant
Iodophores
286
An atomic or molecular species with a positive or negative electrical charge
Ion
287
An atom of an element or a group of atoms acting as one unit that has lost or gained an electron or electrons and exhibits a charge
Ion
288
A positive ion
Cation
289
A negative ion
Anion
290
Reduction in arterial blood supply
Ischemia
291
A tiny isolated mass of one kind of tissue within another type
Islet
292
Clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin
Islets of Langerhans
293
A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared
Isotonic solution
294
Conditions characterized by excessive concentration of bilirubin in the skin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow appearance of the patient
Jaundice
295
The point of juncture between two bones
Joint
296
An articulation
Joint
297
Any class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group whose carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms
Ketones
298
Carbonyl group
C=O
299
The carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain
Ketones
300
A chemical group composed of one carbon atom double bonded to oxygen
Carbonyl group
301
A substance that kills insect larva
Larvacide
302
Pertaining to the side of the body
Lateral
303
Away from the median plane
Lateral
304
Specific pathologic structural and functional changes or both brought about by disease
Lesion
305
The amount of poison (or radiation) that will kill 50% of the group to which it has been administered
Lethal dose 50% (LD50)
306
Disease characterized by the appearance of great numbers of immature and abnormal white blood cells
Leukemia
307
Increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood
Leucocytosis
308
Abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood
Leucopenia
309
A substance that flows readily but does not tend to expand indefinitely
Liquids
310
Well-defined parts of an organ separated by boundaries
Lobes
311
Infection caused by germs lodging and multiplying at one point in a tissue and remaining there
Local infection
312
Malignancy of lymphoid tissue
Lymphoma
313
A defect or deformity
* Malformation
| * Anomaly
314
The depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits
Mandibular fossa
315
A boundary such as the edge of a structure
Margin
316
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter
317
Temperature above which bacterial growth will not take place
Maximum temperature
318
A passage or opening
Meatus
319
A living organism capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on its external body parts or surfaces
Mechanical vector
320
Pertaining to the middle
Medial
321
Toward the median plane of the body
Medial
322
Study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death
* Medicolegal pathology
| * Forensic pathology
323
The inner or central portion of an organ in contrast to the outer portion or cortex
Medulla
324
Blood in stool
Melena
325
The change in state from a solid to a liquid
Melting
326
Bacteria that prefer moderate temperature and develop best at temperatures between 25 and 40 degrees Celsius
Mesophile
327
An element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of electricity and heat
Metal
328
Tend to form positive ions
Metallic elements
329
Replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there
Metaplasia
330
Transfer of a disease from its primary site to a distant location
Metastasis
331
A microorganism that requires very little free oxygen
Microaerophilic
332
Scientific study of microorganisms and their effect on other loving organisms
Microbiology
333
Study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues and organs undergo as a result of disease
* Microscopic pathology
| * Histopathology
334
Infection caused by two or more organisms
Mixed infection
335
A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and not in definite proportion by mass
Mixtures
336
The smallest dose of a poison (or radiation) on record that produces death
Minimum lethal dose (MLD)
337
Temperature below which bacterial growth will not take place
Minimum temperature
338
Chemicals for which there may be greatly varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment and the arterial fluid to be used
Modifying agents
339
Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage
* Moist gangrene
| * Wet gangrene
340
May be accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria
* Moist gangrene
| * Wet gangrene
341
The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone
Molecule
342
An aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which for a specific chemical substance
Molecule
343
Relative incidence of a disease in the population or number of cases in a given time at a given population
Morbidity rate
344
Number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population
Mortality rate
345
A relationship in which organisms of two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each
Mutualism
346
The branch of science concerned with the study of fungi
Mycology
347
Bacteria of the Mycoplasma genus that are found in humans and have no cell wall
Mycoplasmas
348
The smallest free-living organisms presently known being intermediate in size between viruses and bacteria
Mycoplasmas
349
The study of muscles
Myology
350
The nostrils
Nares
351
The partition that divides the nasal cavity into two sections
Nasal septum
352
Pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism
Necrosis
353
The abnormal, excessive and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue
* Neoplasm
| * Tumor
354
The study of the nervous system
Neurology
355
The reaction of an acid and a base to produce salt and water
Neutralization
356
Any element that is not a metal
Nonmetal
357
Tend to form negative ions
Nonmetal
358
Organisms that are free living and relationships are not required for survival
Non-symbiotic
359
Infection acquired in a hospital
Nosocomial
360
A disease with an abnormally high rate of occurrence in members of the workforce
Occupational disease
361
A common name for a triacylglycerol that is a liquid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids
Oils
362
An organism that exists as part of the normal flora but may become pathogenic under certain conditions
Opportunist
363
Temperature at which organisms grow best
Optimum temprature
364
Pertaining to the mouth
Oral
365
A condition or disease in which there is a change in anatomy
Organic
366
That branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon-containing compounds
Organic chemistry
367
The mouth, entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure
Orifice
368
An opening
Orifice
369
The passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules but it is permeable to the solvent
Osmosis
370
Pressure that develops when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane
Osmotic pressure
371
Any small bone, especially one of the three bones of the middle ear
Ossicles
372
A disease marked by softening of the bones due to faulty calcification in adulthood
Osteomalacia
373
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow
Osteomyelitis
374
Loss of bone density
Osteoporosis
375
A compound consisting of oxygen combined with only one other element
Oxides
376
A disease affecting the majority of the population of a large region or one that is epidemic at the same time in many different parts of the world
Pandemic
377
Epidemic, widespread, even of worldwide event
Pandemic disease
378
An interactive relationship between two organisms in which one is harmed and the other benefits
Parasitism
379
Pertaining to, or forming, the wall of a cavity
Parietal
380
Pertaining to the parietal bone
Parietal
381
A method of expressing low concentrations
Parts per million (ppm)
382
Equivalent to 1 milligram per liter
1 parts per million (ppm)
383
The state of producing or being able to produce pathological changes and disease
Pathogenicity
384
Study of structural changes in the body caused by disease
Pathological anatomy
385
The science that deals with the study of disease
Pathology
386
The manner in which a disease develops
Pathogenesis
387
Pertaining to the front of the chest
Pectoral
388
A bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl (organic acid) group on the other amino acid
Peptide bond
389
The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number
Periodic table
390
This arrangement allows the columns of elements to represent the periodic recurrence of similar properties
Periodic table
391
Located at, or pertaining to, the outer surface of the body or body part
Peripheral
392
The outer surface of the body or body part
Periphery
393
Occurring away from the center
Peripheral
394
At right angles to another surface
Perpendicular
395
Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
Petechia
396
Power / potential of hydrogen
pH
397
A number signifying the acidity or alkalinity of a chemical solution
pH
398
The measure of hydrogen ion concentrations of a solution
pH
399
Congenital condition in which the proximal portions of the limbs are poorly developed or absent
Phocomelia
400
A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Physical changes
401
Properties of a substance that are observed without a change in chemical composition
Physical properties
402
Examples: color, odor, taste, solubility, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point
Physical properties
403
Study of changes in body functions due to disease
Physiological pathology
404
Coloration caused by deposit, or lack, of colored material in the tissues
Pigmentation
405
General term used to denote any prolonged inhalation of mineral dust
Pneumoconiosis
406
Infection of the lungs
Pneumonia
407
Any substance that imperils health or life when absorbed into the body
Poison
408
A highly contagious infectious disease of the spinal cord caused by a filterable virus
Poliomyelitis
409
An increase in total red blood cell mass
Polycythemia vera
410
The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer
Polymerization
411
A growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane
Polyp
412
Concerning an entrance to an organ, especially that through which the blood is carried to the liver
Portal
413
Toward the back
* Posterior
| * Dorsal
414
Opposite of anterior
* Posterior
| * Dorsal
415
Fluids designed to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute with greater facility
* Pre-injection fluids
* Primary injection
* Capillary wash
416
Components o f embalming solutions used to inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids
Preservatives
417
To inhibit decomposition
Preservatives
418
To kill microorganisms
Preservatives
419
Destroy odors and eliminate their further formation
Preservatives
420
To inactivate enzymes
Preservatives
421
Number of cases of disease present in a specified population at a given time
Prevalence
422
The "first" infection that a host has after a period of health
Primary infection
423
The first or initial injection, may or may not contain preservatives
* Primary injection
| * Pre-injection
424
Small proteinaceous infectious agents (particles) which almost certainly do not have a nucleic acid genome and therefore resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids
Prion
425
Often called spongiform encephalopathies because of the postmortem appearance of the brain with large vacuoles in the cortex and cerebellum
Prion
426
Prediction of the outcome of disease
Prognosis
427
Characteristics by which substances may be identified
Properties
428
Inflammation of the prostate gland
Prostatitis
429
A biological component that is a polymer of many amino acids
Protein
430
One celled organisms of the Kingdom Protista
Protozoa
431
Most are unicellular although some are colonist
Protozoa
432
Science that deals with the study of protozoa
Protozoology
433
A part that is prominent beyond a surface, like a knob
Protuberance
434
Nearest the point of attachment, the center of the body, or a point of reference
Proximal
435
The opposite of distal
Proximal
436
Bacteria that prefer cold, thriving at temperatures between 0 and 25 degrees Celsius
Psychrophile
437
Condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin
Purpura
438
A small elevation of the skin containing pus
Pustule
439
The decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria
Putrefaction
440
The junction of the pubic bones on the midline of the body
Pubic symphysis
441
The smooth muscle around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
442
Surface-active agents that are generally used for disinfection of skin, oral and nasal cavities, as well as instruments
Quaternary ammonium compounds
443
Reappearance of symptoms after a period of remission
Recurrent
444
Remission
Abatement
445
The replacement of damaged cells with identical cells
Regeneration
446
Temporary cessation of symptoms of disease
Remission
447
Kidney stones
Renal calculi
448
Physical or mechanical restoration of damaged or diseased tissue by the growth of healthy new cells, not necessarily the same type, or by surgery
Repair
449
Pertaining to or employed in reproduction
Reproductive
450
The termination of the inflammatory response with the affected part returning to its normal state
Resoltuion
451
Pertaining to respiration
Respiratory
452
Supplemental fluids that may enhance arterial fluids by the addition of special chemicals
Restorative fluids
453
Example: humectants
Restorative fluids
454
A disease of infants and young children caused by deficiency of vitamin D resulting in defective bone growth
Rickets
455
A genus of gram-negative, pathogenic, intracellular parasitic bacteria
Rickettsia
456
Area of science that studies Rickettsia
Rickettsiology
457
Pertaining to, producing, or formed from saliva
Salivary
458
A gland of the oral cavity that secretes saliva
Salivary gland
459
Any group of substances that result from the reaction between acids and bases other than water
Salts
460
The reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid
Saponification
461
Glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid
Soap
462
A cube-like packet of eight spherical bacteria
Sarcinae
463
Latin for bundle
Sarcina
464
A solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure
Saturated solution
465
Infection caused by a different organism than the one causing the primary infection
Secondary infection
466
That injection taking place after the primary injection
Secondary injection
467
First injection; pre-injection
Primary injection
468
Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood
Septicemia
469
A wall dividing two cavities
Septum
470
The watery portion of the blood after coagulation occurs
Serum
471
An oval nodule of bone
Sesamoid bone
472
Objective disturbances produced by disease, observed by physician, nurse or person attending patient
Signs
473
Examples: pulse, fever, heart rate
Signs
474
A compound whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids and alcohols
Simple lipids
475
A cavity within a bone
Sinus
476
A dilated channel for venous blood
Sinus
477
Any cavity having a relatively narrow opening
Sinus
478
Pertaining to the skeleton
Skeletal
479
The condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume
Solids
480
The conversion of a liquid or a gas into a solid form
Solidification
481
The measure of how well two substances mix
Solubility
482
A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
Solute
483
The component of a solution present in a lesser amount
Solute
484
A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent
Solution
485
The process of dissolving
Solvation
486
A substance that does the dissolving in a solution
Solvent
487
The component of a solution present in a greater amount
Solvent
488
Deals with the specific features of disease in relation to particular organs or organ systems
Special pathology
489
A circular muscle constricting an orifice
Sphincter
490
Congenital defect in which part of the vertebral column is absent or incomplete closure
Spina bifida
491
A genus of spiral bacteria having a corkscrew shape with a rigid cell wall and hair-like projections called flagella that assist in movement
* Spirillum
| * Spirilla
492
A genus of bacteria having a flexible cell wall but no flagella in the traditional sense
Spirochete
493
Movement in these organisms occurs by contractions (undulating) of long filaments that run the length of the cell
Spirochete
494
Long filaments
Endoflagella
495
A disease that occurs occasionally in a random or isolated manner
Sporadic
496
A disease which occurs occasionally or in scattered instances
Sporadic
497
A genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters
Staphylococcus
498
A physical property of matter
State of matter
499
Physical properties of matter
* Solid
* Liquid
* Gas
500
Condition of phase in the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure
State of matter
501
Abnormal constriction of a channel or orifice
Stenosis
502
A process of completely removing or destroying all life forms and / or their products on or in a substance
Sterilization
503
Rod-shaped bacteria occurring in chains
Streptobacilli
504
Spherical shaped bacteria occurring in chains
Streptococci
505
A microbe that can only live in the presence of free oxygen
* Strict aerobe
| * Obligate aerobe
506
A microbe that can only survive in the absence of free oxygen
* Strict anaerobe
| * Obligate anaerobe
507
An organism that is completely dependent on its living host for survival
* Strict parasite
| * Obligate parasite
508
An organism that can only survive on dead or decaying organic matter
* Strict saprophyte
| * Obligate saprophyte
509
A physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas
Sublimation
510
Pertaining to or situated near the surface
Superficial
511
Higher than
Superior
512
Situated above something else
Superior
513
Located above the kidney
Suprarenal
514
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection
* Supplemental fluids
| * Accessory chemicals
515
Categories of supplemental fluids
* Pre-injection
* Co-injection
* Humectants / restorative fluids
516
Additional germicides added to embalming fluids
Supplementary germicides
517
Study of tissue specimens excised surgically in a major or minor operation
Surgical pathology
518
Relating to a suture, or the line of union in an immovable articulation, such as between the cranial bones
Sutural
519
The material upon which an enzyme works
Substrate
520
The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area
Surface tension
521
Chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures
* Surfactants
* Surface tension reducers
* Wetting agents
* Penetrating agents
522
A mixture of a solute and a solvent in which the size of the solute particles is greater than 100 nanometers
Suspension
523
Particles of solute do not pass through filters or membranes
Suspension
524
Organisms live in close nutritional relationships
Symbiotic
525
Required by one or both members
Symbiotic
526
A line of fusion between two bones that are separate in early development
Symphysis
527
The harmonious action of two or more microorganisms producing an effect that neither could produce alone
Synergism
528
Organized groupings of related structures or organs that perform certain functions together
Systems
529
Subjective disturbances caused by disease that are felt or experienced by patient but not directly measurable
Symptoms
530
Examples: pain, headache
Symptoms
531
Set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease
Syndrome
532
Grouping of four spherical shaped cells
Tetracocci
533
The study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death
Thanatochemistry
534
Bacteria that thrive best at high temperatures, between 40 and 70 degrees Celsius
Thermophile
535
The formation or presence of an attached blood clot
Thrombosis
536
The presence of toxins in the blood
Toxemia
537
A poisonous substance produced by higher plants, animals, or pathogenic bacteria that is poisonous to humans
Toxin
538
Poisonous
Toxic
539
A poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial or fungal origin
Toxin
540
An organism that due to its own virulence is able to produce disease
True pathogen
541
Implantation and development of the fertilized ovum in a uterine (fallopian) tube
Tubal pregnancy
542
A covering or layer
Tunic
543
An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue
Ulcer
544
A solution containing less of the solute than can be held in solution by the solvent
Unsaturated solution
545
A toxic condition caused by retention in the blood of waste products normally excreted in the urine
Uremia
546
Pertaining to the secretion or containment of urine
Urinary
547
Composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Urinary system
548
The neutralization product of formaldehyde by ammonia
* Urotropin
| * Methenamine
549
Ammonia
C6H12N4
550
Any one of various membranous structures in a hollow organ or passage that temporarily closes to permit the flow of fluid in one direction only
Valve
551
Failure of a heart valve to close tightly, thus allowing regurgitation of blood
* Valvular insufficiency
| * Valvular incompetence
552
The physical change from a liquid to a gas
Vaporization
553
Pertaining to or composed of vessels
Vascular
554
The blood vessels, including arteries, capillaries, and veins
Vascular system
555
Located toward the front of the body
* Ventral
| * Anterior
556
Liquids that serve as solvents for the numerous ingredients incorporated in embalming solutions
Vehicles
557
Examples: water, alcohol
Vehicles
558
A narrow, worm-shaped tube connected to the cecum
Vermiform appendix
559
Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid
Vesicle
560
To move rapidly
Vibrio
561
Vibrate
Vibrio
562
A genus of spiral bacteria which are curved or bent rods that resemble commas
Vibrio
563
An agent destructive to viruses
* Virucide
| * Viricide
564
The study of viruses and viral diseases
Virology
565
Relative power of an organism to produce disease
Virulence
566
One of a group of minute infectious agents, with certain exceptions not resolved in the light microscope, and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and by the ability to replicate only within living host cells
Virus
567
Infectious agent not resolved in the light microscope
Poxviruses
568
Able to reproduce with genetic continuity and the possibility of mutation
Virus
569
Range from 200-300 nm to 15 nm in size and are morphologically heterogenous, occurring as rod-shaped, spherical, or polyhedral, and tadpole-shaped forms
Virus
570
Masses of the spherical or polyhedral forms may be made up of orderly arrays, to give a crystalline structure
Virus
571
The individual particle consists of nucleic acid, DNA or RNA (but not both) and a protein shell, which contains and protects the nucleic acid and which may be multilayered
Virus
572
Individual particle in a virus
Virion
573
Nucleic acid in a virus
Nucleoid
574
Protein shell
Capsid
575
Separated into three subgroups on the basis of host specificity
Viruses
576
Virus subgroups
* Bacterial viruses
* Animal viruses
* Plant viruses
577
Classified as to their origin, mode of transmission, or the manifestations they produce
Virus
578
Reoviruses origin
* Respiratory
| * Enteric
579
Abroviruses mode of transmission
Mosquitoes
580
Sometimes named for the geographic location in which they were first isolated
Virus
581
Pertaining to the internal organs contained within a cavity
Visceral
582
The internal organs contained within a cavity
Viscera
583
The state of being sticky or gummy
Viscosity
584
Resistance offered by a fluid to change form or relative position of its particles due to attraction of molecules to each other
Viscosity
585
The resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the molecules of a liquid
Viscosity
586
A type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and / or saturated fatty acids and high molecular weight alcohols
Wax
587
Pertaining to the cheek bone
Zygomatic
588
Cheek bone
Zygoma
