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Y1 GASTROENTEROLOGY > Gastric Disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in Gastric Disease Deck (24)
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1
Q

Gives causes of acute gastritis

A

Chemical irritation
Trauma
Burns

2
Q

What are the 3 main causes of chronic gastritis?

A

Chemical insult
Bacterial (H. pylori)
Autoimmune disease

3
Q

In terms of aetiology of chronic gastritis, chemical insult rarer than bacterial infection which is rarer than autoimmune disease. True/False?

A

False

Other way around! Chemical insult is most common, followed by bacterial, then autoimmunity

4
Q

What happens in autoimmune gastritis?

A

Antibodies destroy parietal cells + intrinsic factor

Can lead to pernicious anaemia

5
Q

What is the most common bacteria that causes bacterial gastritis?

A

H. pylori

6
Q

Where does H. pylori like to reside?

A

Between the epithelial cell surface + mucosal barrier, where it can cause inflammation

7
Q

Which chemicals are the most common causes of chemical gastritis?

A

NSAIDs
Alcohol
Bile reflux

8
Q

How does chemical insult affect the stomach?

A

Dissolves + destroys lipid bilayer, causing inflammation, hyperplasia and ulcers

9
Q

Define “peptic ulceration”

A

Breach of the GI mucosa by acid/pepsin attack

10
Q

Where are common sites for peptic ulcers?

A

Duodenum (1st part)
Stomach
Gastro-oesophageal junction

11
Q

Name some benign gastric tumours

A

Mainly polyps - hyperplastic polyps or fundic gland polyps

12
Q

Name some malignant gastric tumours

A

Adenocarcinoma
Lymphomas
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs)

13
Q

Where do adenocarcinomas of the stomach tend to develop?

A

Proximally (GO junction, cardia)

14
Q

Pernicious anaemia is a premalignant condition. True/False?

A

True

15
Q

Intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma has better prognosis than diffuse type. True/False?

A

True

16
Q

From which tissue is gastric lymphoma derived?

A

MALT (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue)

17
Q

What is gastroparesis?

A

Delayed gastric emptying that is NOT due to obstruction

18
Q

Give examples of symptoms of gastroparesis

A

Feeling of fullness, bloating
Nausea, vomiting
Weight loss
Upper abdominal pain

19
Q

What investigations are done for gastric cancer?

A

Endoscopy
Barium meal
CT scan

20
Q

In surgery for gastric cancer, when is a partial and total gastrectomy done?

A

Total gastrectomy for proximal lesions

Partial gastrectomy for distal lesions

21
Q

What is the classical sign for gastric cancer? List other symptoms

A

Troisier’s sign - the finding of a palpable left supraclavicular lymph node
Dyspepsia, weight loss, vomiting, dysphagia, anaemia, fatigue, abdo pain, bloating, anorexia early satiety

22
Q

What staging techniques are used in gastric cancer?

A

CT
PET scan
Endoscopic US

23
Q

What are the main causes of gastroparesis?

A

DM
Cannabis
Meds - opiates, anticholinergics
Systemic disease e.g. sclerosis

24
Q

What investigation is done in gastroparesis? How is it treated?

A

Gastric emptying studies

Liquid/ sloppy diet, remove cause, eat small meals often, promotility agents