GCSE Key Words

Question 1

Resolution

Answer 1

The ability to distinguish between two points

Question 2

Magnification

Answer 2

The increase in size of an image or object

Question 3

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 3

Single celled organisms with no nucleus

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

Multicellular organisms with nucleus

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

The net random movement of gas particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 6

Osmosis

Answer 6

The net random movement of water particles from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential

Question 7

Lysis

Answer 7

Water entering a animal cell in a more dilute solution

Water enters the membrane as there is more water outside the cell meaning the cell will expand and burst

Question 8

Crenation

Answer 8

Water exiting an animal cell in a more concentrated solution
Water will rush out as there is more water inside the cell
The cell will shrivel up

Question 9

Turgid

Answer 9

Water entering a plant cell in a more dilute solution

The water will enter as there is more outside making the cell firm or turgid

Question 10

Plasmolysed

Answer 10

Water will leave the cell by osmosis causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall
The cell becomes flaccid

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

The movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration against the concentration gradient

Question 12

Stem cell

Answer 12

An undifferentiated cell that can turn/differentiate into any type of specialised cell

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the living things
Each enzyme can only catalyse one substrate molecule

Question 14

Transpiration

Answer 14

The evaporation of water from the surface if the leaf resulting in more water being drawn up by the roots

Question 15

Communicable disease

Answer 15

Disease that can spread or be passed on from one person to the next
Caused by a pathogen

Question 16

Non-communicable disease

Answer 16

Non-infectious disease (can’t be passed from one person to the other)
Caused by Deficiencies, Bodily disorders or genetic inheritences

Question 17

Vaccination

Answer 17

An injection of small amounts of any inactive form of a pathogen into the body causing the white blood cells to create lymphocytes which reproduce to make memory lymphocytes with can battle the active pathogen if it ever enters the body

Question 18

Antiboitics

Answer 18

Chemicals/medicines that kill bacterial pathogens or stop their growth.
Only treat bacterial infections
NOT VIRAL

Question 19

Photosynthesis

Answer 19

How plants make their food (glucose)

Carbon Dioxide + Water —> Oxygen + Glucose

Question 20

Limiting factor

Answer 20

When a process depends on two or more factors the rate of that process is limited by the factor in the shortest supply