Genetic diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

The number of different alleles of genes in a species or population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is a low genetic diversity bad?

A

The populations may not be able to adapt to a change in an environment and the whole population could be wiped out by a single event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is genetic diversity in a population increased?

A
  • Mutations in the DNA forming new alleles where some can be beneficial
  • Different alleles being introduced into a population ie gene flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is gene flow?

A

Individuals from another population migrate into that population and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does genetic diversity allow to occur?

A

Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a genetic bottleneck?

A

An event which causes a big reduction in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a genetic bottleneck reduce?

A

Reduces the number of different alleles in the gene pool and therefore reduces genetic diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the outcome of a genetic bottleneck?

A

The survivors reproduce and a larger population is created from a few individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the founder effect?

A

What happens when just a few organisms from a population start a new colony and there are only a small number of different alleles in the initial gene pool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the result of the founder effect?

A

The frequency of each allele in the new colony might be very different to the frequency of the alleles in the original population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What might the founder effect lead to?

A

Higher incidence of genetic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can the founder effect be the result of?

A

Migration leading to geographical separation or if a new colony is separated from the original population for another reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly