GI Cancers

Question 1

What is the name for a benign esophageal tumor?

Answer 1

leiomyoma

Question 2

HIstological type of esophageal cancer that is more prevalent worldwide whose risk factors include chronic esophagitis, achalasia, smoking, ETOH, diet

Answer 2

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 3

Countries with an increased prevalence of esophageal cancer

Answer 3

China and Iran

Question 4

Common cancer in the far east (Japan).

Answer 4

carcinoma of the stomach

Question 5

Common location for gastric polyps

Answer 5

antrum

Question 6

What are the two subtypes of gastric polyps?

Answer 6

tubular and villous

Question 7

Arise from smooth muscle of the GI tract. 75% are benign. Large protruding lesions with central ulcer.

Answer 7

gastric leiomyoma

Question 8

Treatment of gastric leiomyoma

Answer 8

excision with 2 – 3cm margin

Question 9

Histological subtype of adenocarcinomas of the stomach that presents as a deep penetrated ulcer with shallow edges. Usually transmural.

Answer 9

ulcerated carcinoma

Question 10

Histological subtype of adenocarcinomas of the stomach that presents as large intraluminal tumors with late metastasis.

Answer 10

polipoid carcinoma

Question 11

Histological subtype of adenocarcinomas of the stomach that is confined to mucosa and submucosa and has best prognosis

Answer 11

Superficial spreading carcinomas

Question 12

Histological subtype of adenocarcinomas of the stomach that involves all layers of the stomach, has poor prognosis, and “leather-bottle” appearance on xray

Answer 12

Linitis plastica

Question 13

Cancer characterized by anorexia with an aversion to meat

Answer 13

adenocarcinoma of the stomach

Question 14

What is the treatment for gastric lymphomas?

Answer 14

radiation

Question 15

One of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Rarely before 50 y/o. Less than 20% live longer than one year

Answer 15

Pancreatic cancer

Question 16

Most common location for pancreatic cancer

Answer 16

head of the pancreas

Question 17

Tumor marker associated with pancreatic cancer

Answer 17

C 19.9

Question 18

Surgical procedure for cancer of the pancreas head only

Answer 18

Whipple

Question 19

“Islet cell” tumor of the pancreas. Leads to hypergastrinemia and gastric acid hypersecretion

Answer 19

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Question 20

Laboratory test with high sensitivity but poor specificity for diagnosis of ZE syndrome

Answer 20

Fasting serum gastrin measurement

Question 21

What are the most common causes of liver cancer?

Answer 21

HBV, HCV, Cirrhosis

Question 22

Sx include: loss of appetite and weight, jaundice, swelling of abdomen, and painful abdomen

Answer 22

liver cancer

Question 23

Important test for diagnosis of liver cancer

Answer 23

AFP (alpha fetoprotein) blood test

Question 24

Extremely rare. Can present with abdominal pain, N/V, bleeding, gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 24

small bowel carcinomas

Question 25

Imaging that is ordered for suspected small bowel carcinoma

Answer 25

UGI/SBFT and CT scan

Question 26

About how long is it currently thought that the progression of the adenocarcinoma of colon takes?

Answer 26

10 years

Question 27

What are the two main type of colorectal polyps?

Answer 27

adenomas and hyperplastic polyps

Question 28

typically develop hundreds to thousands of colon polyps. colorectal cancer usually ocurrs by age 40

Answer 28

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Question 29

What are the recommendations for follow-up care of colorectal cancer?

Answer 29

Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurements, colonoscopy one year after removal of colorectal cancer, and surveillance colonoscopy every three to five years

Question 30

most important tool doctors have to determine a patient’s cancer prognosis

Answer 30

staging