3 muscle groups of the back
superficial
intermediate
deep
superficial back muscles
anchor upper limp to axial skeleton
intermediate back muscles
assists in respiration
deep back muscles
maintain posture, act on vertebral column (raise and lower spine)
extrinsic muscles
superficial and intermediate
intrinsic
deep
what are the superficial back muscles
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid major and minor
what are the intermediate back muscles
serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior
what are the deep back muscles
semispinalis capitis
splenius capitis
spelnius cervicis
erector spinae
innervation of superficial and intermediate back muscles
ventral rami
innervation of deep back muscles
dorsal rami
clinical notes of dorsal rami
- deep back muscles receive innervations segmentally
- overlap- loss of 1 or 2 rami will not produce clinical symptoms
- nerves do NOT cross midline (ipsilateral)
origin of trapezius
- superior nuchal line
- nuchal ligament
- C7-T12 spinous process
insertion of trapezius
- lateral part of clavicle
- acromion and spine of scapula
action of trapezius
- elevates
- depresses
- retracts scapula
S of trapezius
- accessory nerve (Xll)
- transverse cervical vessels
accessory nerve path
runs deep to muscle, posterioinferiorly from jugular foramen.
ventral rami C3-C4 path
runs deep to muscle. posteriorly from intervertebral foramina
transverse cervical artery and vein
runs deep to muscle. posteriolaterally from thryocervical trunk
latissimus dorsi orgin
- T7-T12 spinous process
- thoracolumbar fascia
- crest of ilium
insertion of latissimus dorsi
intertuberculum sulcus of humerus
action of latissimus dorsi
adducts
extends
medially rotates humerus
s of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve and vessels
intercoastal vessels
rhomboids orgin
C7-T5 spinous process
rhomboids insertion
medial boarder of scapula from spine to inferior angle
rhomboids action
retract scapula
s of rhomboids
dorsal scapular nerve and vessels
levator scapulae orgin, insertion, action, s
orgin- transverse process of 1st 3-4 vertebrae
insertion- upper medial boarder of scapula
action- elevates scapula
s- dorsal scapular nerve and vessels
serratus anterior orgin, insertion, action, s
orgin- lateral surface of 1st 8 ribs
insertion- anterior surface of medial boarder of scapula
action- protracts scapula and holds it to wall
supply- long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic vessels
triangle of auscultation
=to listen to
between 6 and 7th rib
listening to organs of the thorax
boundaries of the triangle of auscultation
superior- trapequiz
inferior- latissimus dorsi
lateral- rhomboid major
floor- 6th inter coastal space
lumbar triangle boundaries
medial- latissimus dorsi
lateral- external oblique
inferior- ilaic crest
floor- internal oblique
site of lumbar hernia
lumbar triangle
serratus posterior superior orgin, insertion, action, supply
orgin- spinous process C7-T3
insertion- superior boarder of ribs 2-5
action- elevate upper ribs
supply- 1st 4 intercostal nerves and vessels
serratus posterior inferior orgin, insertion, action, supply
orgin- spinous process T11-L2
insertion- inferior boarder of ribs 8-12
action- depress lower ribs
supply- last 4 intercostal nerves and vessels
erector spinae muscles orgin, insertion, action, supply
orgin- posterior sacrum, ilium and spinous process
insertion- spinous processes, transverse processes and ribs
action- erect spine
supply- dorsal rami of spinal nerves and lumbar and intercostal vessels
splenius capitis and cervicis
orgin- nuchal ligament and upper spinous processes
insertion (capitis)- occipital bone and mastoid process
insertion (cervicis)- upper cervical transverse process
action- extend and laterally rotate neck
supply- dorsal rami of spinal nerves and deep cervical vessels
semispinalis capitis and cervicis O, I, A, S
orgin- upper thoracic transverse process
insertion (cap)- occipital bone between nuchal lines
insertion (cerv)- upper cervical spines
action- extend head and neck
supply- dorsal rami of spinal nerve and deep cervical vessels
multifidus O, I, A, S
orgin- sacrum and lower transverse processes
insertion- spinous processes
action- laterally flexes and rotates spine
supply- dorsal rami of spinal nerves and lumbar vessels
rotatores O, I, A, S
orgin- transverse processes
insertion- spinous processes
action- rotate spine
supply- dorsal rami of spinal nerves and intercostal vessels
interspinalis muscle
between spinous processes,
minor extensions of spine
intertransversarius
between transverse processes
minor lateral flexion of spine
levator costarum
from transverse processes to ribs
minor elevations of ribs