Healthy Term Infant Flashcards
what is defined as a healthy term infant?
> 37 weeks gestation
what is defined as “post term”?
> 41 weeks
what is the normal weight for a healthy term infant?
2.5-4kg
large (LGA) = >4
small (SGA) = <2.5
what screening tests take place for a healthy term infant?
universal hearing screening hip screening - clinical and USS cystic fibrosis haemoglobinopathies metabolic disease
when is a formal neonatal exam conducted?
at 24 hours
*top to toe exam carried out by midwife immediately following delivery
what different systems are examined during the formal neonatal exam?
head - sutures and fontenelles, moulding, forceps marks
eyes - size, red reflex, conjunctival haemorrhage, squints, iris abnormality
ears - position, external auditory canal, tags / pits, folding
mouth - shape, philtrum, tongue tie, palate, teeth, ebstein’s pearls, sucking / rooting reflex
face - palsy, dysmorphism
resp - chest shape, breathing sounds, in-drawing
cardio - colour / saturation (SaO2), pulses, apex, thrills/heaves, heart sounds
abdo - distension, hernia, umbilicus, passage of meconium, anus
GI - normal genitalia (hypospadias, undescended testes), passage of urine
MSK - movement, limbs / digits, hip exam
neuro - cry, tone, posture, primitive reflexes
skin - birth marks etc
what vaccinations are given at birth?
maternal petrussis and influenza
establish routine vaccine schedule
*hep B at birth if required (maternal history)
what is given for haemorrhagic disease of newborn?
vitamin K = IM or oral
what support is offered after birth?
changing family structures
mental health
what is the apgar score?
objective measure of perinatal adaptation
when is the apgar score given?
twice - 1 minutes and 5 minutes after birth
how is the apgar scored?
out of 10 (>8 normal)
0, 1 or 2 given for:
- heart rate
- resp rate
- responsiveness
- tone
- colour
what is the daily weight gain of a newborn?
24g (7g of fat)
what metabolic diseases are screened for during newborn screen?
phenylketonuria (PKU) medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) isovaleric acidaemia (IVA) glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) homocystinuria (pyridoxine unresponsive) (HCU)
